Volcanism in large igneous provinces (LIPs) is understood to have had the potential to affect global environments and ecosystems, triggering mass extinctions, climate change, and ocean acidification. However, basin-scale studies sediment distribution and sedimentary-system development in LIP lava fields are sparse and often limited to localized exposure. To gain a better understanding of the controls on inter-lava sedimentology across a continental LIP, a new sedimentological data set is presented from the Miocene Columbia River Flood Basalt Province (CRBP), situated in the Columbia Basin in south-central Washington State, northeast Oregon and eastern Idaho. Based on the qualification and quantification of sedimentary facies, petrography, paleoflow, channel dimensions, and catchment size from 96 sites across the Columbia Basin, a refined model of regional and local environmental change, integrating local volcanic and tectonic evolution, is presented. Here, CRBP stratigraphy is divided into six distinctive sedimentation intervals, which allows correlation of sedimentary interbeds formed in the western part and in the eastern part of the basin. The model describes and reviews drainage-system development and discusses the control of volcanic and tectonic activity on sediment distribution in the CRBP lava field at local to basin scale. The data presented here largely support findings of previous works suggesting a highly complex interplay between sedimentary, volcanic, and tectonic evolution of the area. In addition, it elaborates on the aspects of sediment–lava interaction and indicates that individual sub-basins in the CRBP formed separated depositional settings, emphasizing the lateral complexity of inter-lava sedimentation. Importantly, this work improves our understanding of sediment–lava relationships in continental LIPs and helps in building more generic models for sediment distribution in volcanic terranes where exposure is limited or absent.

中文翻译：

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LIPs熔岩间排水系统的开发：以美国哥伦比亚河玄武岩省为例

据了解，大火成岩省（LIP）的火山活动有可能影响全球环境和生态系统，引发大规模灭绝，气候变化和海洋酸化。然而，流域规模的研究表明，LIP熔岩田的沉积物分布和沉积系统发育是稀疏的，并且通常仅限于局部暴露。为了更好地了解整个大陆性LIP的熔岩间沉积学控制，从位于华盛顿州中南部东北部哥伦比亚盆地的中新世哥伦比亚河洪水玄武岩省（CRBP）提出了一个新的沉积学数据集。俄勒冈州和爱达荷州东部。根据对哥伦比亚盆地96个地点的沉积相，岩相学，古流，河道尺寸和集水面积的定性和定量分析，提出了一个完善的区域和地方环境变化模型，结合了当地火山和构造演化。在此，CRBP地层被划分为六个独特的沉积层段，这使得在盆地西部和东部形成的沉积夹层相互关联。该模型描述并回顾了排水系统的发展，并讨论了火山和构造活动对局部到盆地规模的CRBP熔岩田沉积物分布的控制。本文提供的数据在很大程度上支持了先前工作的发现，表明该地区的沉积，火山和构造演化之间存在高度复杂的相互作用。此外，它详细说明了沉积物与熔岩相互作用的各个方面，并指出CRBP中的各个子流域形成了分离的沉积环境，强调了熔岩间沉积的横向复杂性。重要的是，这项工作增进了我们对大陆LIP中沉积物与熔岩关系的理解，并有助于建立更通用的模型，以限制或不存在暴露的火山岩层中的沉积物。