γ-Lactam is a ubiquitous structure found in the natural products. A number of highly oxidized γ-lactam-containing natural products are produced by various fungi. These compounds often show a wide range of biological activities because their multiple internal reaction sites, which arise from the high oxidation state of the compounds, can react with biological nucleophiles. Due to their high reactivity and dense functionality, total syntheses of these molecules require strict control of the inherent reactivity and the appropriate design of synthetic intermediates. This review focuses on the recent total syntheses of some highly oxidized γ-lactam-containing natural products, including fused bicyclic (epolactaene, NG-391, lucilactaene, L-755,807), spirocyclic (azaspirene, pseurotin A, E, and F2, cephalimysin A–C, FD-838, and berkeleyamide D), and tricyclic (rubrobramide and talaramide A) skeletons, and on the structure-activity relationship studies of related molecules.

中文翻译：

---

高度氧化的含 γ-内酰胺的天然产物：全合成和生物学评价

γ-内酰胺是一种普遍存在于天然产物中的结构。许多高度氧化的含γ-内酰胺的天然产物是由各种真菌产生的。这些化合物通常表现出广泛的生物活性，因为它们的多个内部反应位点由化合物的高氧化态产生，可以与生物亲核试剂反应。由于它们的高反应性和密集的功能性，这些分子的全合成需要严格控制固有反应性和合成中间体的适当设计。本综述重点关注一些高度氧化的含 γ-内酰胺的天然产物的近期全合成，包括稠合双环（epolactaene，NG-391，lucilactaene，L-755,807）、螺环（氮杂紫杉烯、假素 A、E 和 F2 、头孢菌素A-C、FD-838、伯克利酰胺D)、三环(rubrobramide和talaramide A)骨架，以及相关分子的构效关系研究。