High energy density plasma formation from intense laser-irradiated foam targets composed of disordered carbon nanowires is investigated using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is shown that due to the unprecedentedly high laser energy absorption rate of the foam target, approximately three times larger as compared with simple solid targets, the plasma energy density reaches an unexplored TJ cm⁻³ regime at 10²³ W cm⁻² laser irradiation. In addition, nanowire thermal expansion caused by prepulse heating is considered. We find that after expansion, the target becomes relativistically transparent to the main pulse. The average value of particle energy density decreases slightly and its distribution tends to resemble that of solid targets. Furthermore, energy density scaling with laser intensities is given. It suggests that an even more extreme plasma state is reachable using ultraintense lasers, as the energy loss to photons caused by quantum electrodynamics effects is rather negligible.

使用三维粒子模拟研究了由无序碳纳米线组成的强烈激光辐照的泡沫靶材形成的高能量密度等离子体。结果表明，由于泡沫靶的前所未有的高激光能量吸收率，约为简单固体靶的三倍，因此等离子体能量密度在10 ²³ W cm ^-2时达到了未探索的TJ cm ^-3态激光照射。另外，考虑了由预脉冲加热引起的纳米线热膨胀。我们发现，扩展后，目标相对于主脉冲变得相对透明。粒子能量密度的平均值略有下降，并且其分布趋于类似于固体目标的分布。此外，给出了随激光强度缩放的能量密度。这表明使用超强激光可以达到更极端的等离子体状态，因为由量子电动力学效应引起的光子能量损失可忽略不计。