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Stochastic Modeling of Distance to Collision for Robot Manipulators
IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1109/lra.2020.3032367
Nikhil Das , Michael C. Yip

Evaluating distance to collision for robot manipulators is useful for assessing the feasibility of a robot configuration or for defining safe robot motion in unpredictable environments. However, distance estimation is a time-consuming operation, and the sensors involved in measuring the distance are always noisy. A challenge thus exists in evaluating the expected distance to collision for safer robot control and planning. In this work, we propose the use of Gaussian process (GP) regression and the forward kinematics (FK) kernel (a similarity function for robot manipulators) to efficiently and accurately estimate distance to collision. We show that the GP model with the FK kernel achieves almost 70 times faster distance evaluations compared to a standard geometric technique, and up to 18 times more accurate evaluations compared to other regression models, even when the GP is trained on noisy distance measurements. We employ this technique in trajectory optimization tasks and observe 13 times faster optimization than with the noise-free geometric approach yet obtain similar optimized motion plans. We also propose a confidence-based hybrid model that uses model-based predictions in regions of high confidence and switches to a more expensive sensor-based approach in other areas, and we demonstrate the usefulness of this hybrid model in an application involving reaching into a narrow passage.

中文翻译:

机器人机械手碰撞距离的随机建模

评估机器人操纵器的碰撞距离对于评估机器人配置的可行性或在不可预测的环境中定义安全的机器人运动非常有用。然而,距离估计是一项耗时的操作,并且参与测量距离的传感器总是嘈杂的。因此,在评估碰撞的预期距离以实现更安全的机器人控制和规划方面存在挑战。在这项工作中,我们建议使用高斯过程 (GP) 回归和前向运动学 (FK) 内核(机器人操纵器的相似函数)来有效且准确地估计碰撞距离。我们表明,与标准几何技术相比,具有 FK 内核的 GP 模型实现了几乎 70 倍的距离评估,与其他回归模型相比,准确度提高了 18 倍,即使 GP 是在嘈杂的距离测量上训练的。我们在轨迹优化任务中采用这种技术,并观察到比无噪声几何方法快 13 倍的优化,但仍获得类似的优化运动计划。我们还提出了一种基于置信度的混合模型,该模型在高置信度区域使用基于模型的预测,并在其他领域切换到更昂贵的基于传感器的方法,并且我们证明了该混合模型在涉及深入研究的应用程序中的有用性狭窄的通道。我们在轨迹优化任务中采用这种技术,并观察到比无噪声几何方法快 13 倍的优化,但仍获得类似的优化运动计划。我们还提出了一种基于置信度的混合模型,该模型在高置信度区域使用基于模型的预测,并在其他领域切换到更昂贵的基于传感器的方法,并且我们证明了该混合模型在涉及深入研究的应用程序中的有用性狭窄的通道。我们在轨迹优化任务中采用这种技术,并观察到比无噪声几何方法快 13 倍的优化,但仍获得类似的优化运动计划。我们还提出了一种基于置信度的混合模型,该模型在高置信度区域使用基于模型的预测,并在其他领域切换到更昂贵的基于传感器的方法,并且我们证明了该混合模型在涉及深入研究的应用程序中的有用性狭窄的通道。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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