In vehicle ad-hoc networks (VANETs), the full coverage of roadside units (RSUs) is not necessary with the assistance of dead reckoning (DR) for the RSU-based vehicle localisation. This study proposes an optimisation strategy of RSUs deployment, which seeks an optimal RSU layout ensuring the best localisation accuracy with a minimum number of RSUs. With the assistance of DR, first, the average geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) for a specific localisation region is derived through a non-linear recursive model. Then the RSUs deployment is formulated into an optimisation problem, and the objective is as a function of the average GDOP and deploying interval. Finally, the optimisation problem is solved by a centre particle swarm optimisation (CPSO) algorithm. The convergence and stability of CPSO are evaluated via simulations. Furthermore, simulations also show that the proposed strategy can optimise the localisation accuracy of RSUs deployment in the VANET scenario.

中文翻译：

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航位推算的VANET本地化路边单位优化策略

车内 特别指定网络（VANET），借助航位推算（DR）进行基于RSU的车辆定位时，路边单元（RSU）的完整覆盖是不必要的。这项研究提出了一种RSU部署的优化策略，该策略寻求一种最优的RSU布局，以最少的RSU数量确保最佳的定位精度。在DR的帮助下，首先，通过非线性递归模型得出特定定位区域的平均几何平均精度稀释度（GDOP）。然后将RSU的部署公式化为一个优化问题，目标是平均GDOP和部署间隔的函数。最后，通过中心粒子群算法（CPSO）解决了优化问题。通过仿真评估了CPSO的收敛性和稳定性。此外，