Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications and this database reveals the disturbing trend in science~\citep{fang2012misconduct, brainard2018massive}. The objective of the study is to find the association among the authors' collaboration, the number of retracted papers, the number of retracted citations, journal impact factor, and research areas. We present a detailed analysis of 12231 research papers indexed by Web of Science (WoS) as retracted publications from 1981-2020. The study demonstrates the collaboration patterns of retracted publications where 61.5% of authors have only one and 24.6% have two retracted papers; however, 2% of authors have more than 10 retracted papers. To study the impact of citing retracted papers, we investigated the retracted papers with citations. The study reveals that 55.2% of retracted papers have been cited at least once, where 25.4% of papers are such papers where at least one citation turned out to be a retraction. This shows the impact of scientific misconduct or fraud on new research. The number of retractions is independent of the journal impact factor and as compared to high impact papers, low impact papers are attracting more citations. We also investigate the citations received by retracted papers published in higher as well as lower impact factor journals. 1/4th of the papers are retracted citations that cited the retracted papers; however, there is no significant relationship exists between the higher impact or lower impact journals with retractions or citations. Finally, how the average team size and average retracted citations vary among different research areas are studied. The study provides an insight that how a fraud leads to another fraud in the scientific world. Also, the rising trend of citations of retracted papers is a serious concern.

中文翻译：

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1981年至2020年的撤回模式：欺诈会导致另一种欺诈吗？

行为不检占撤回的大部分科学出版物，并且该数据库揭示了科学〜\ citep {fang2012misconduct，brainard2018massive}的令人不安的趋势。该研究的目的是找到作者之间的协作，被撤回的论文数量，被撤回的引用数量，期刊影响因子和研究领域之间的关联。我们对1981年至2020年被撤消的Web of Science（WoS）索引的12231篇研究论文进行了详细分析。这项研究证明了撤回出版物的协作模式，其中61.5％的作者只有一篇，而24.6％的作者只有两篇撤回论文。但是，有2％的作者收录了超过10篇论文。为了研究引用撤回论文的影响，我们以引文对撤回论文进行了调查。研究发现，该数字为55。2％的撤回论文至少被引用过一次，其中25.4％的论文是至少被引用为撤回的此类论文。这表明科学不端行为或欺诈对新研究的影响。收录次数与期刊影响因子无关，与高影响力论文相比，低影响力论文吸引了更多引用。我们还将调查在影响因子较高和较低的期刊上发表的撤回论文收到的引用。1/4的论文是引用被撤稿论文的被引用论文；但是，具有较高影响力或较低影响力的期刊与收回或引用之间没有显着关系。最后，研究了不同研究领域之间平均团队规模和平均收回引文如何变化。该研究提供了一种洞见，即欺诈如何导致科学界的另一种欺诈。同样，被撤回论文被引用的上升趋势也受到严重关注。