ABSTRACT

Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal fungus found in Pinaceae forests in Japan. It produces the “matsutake” mushroom, which has been consumed as an important part of Japanese cuisine since ancient times. Domestic matsutake are among the most valuable special forest products; however, their production in Japan has decreased over the past several decades. In the present study, to facilitate the conservation of genetic resources of domestic matsutake, we analyzed the fruiting bodies of T. matsutake collected from 13 prefectures, including one Picea glehnii forest and 12 Pinus densiflora forests in the Japanese archipelago, using SSR markers and elucidated their genetic structures . In total, 123 genotypes were detected in these populations. The genetic differentiation between populations was low (F _ST = 0.048 and G’_ST = 0.052). Moreover, no significant IBD was detected on the spatial scale, where the distance between the populations was up to approximately 1300 km. The genetic differences among T. matsutake populations in different regions of Japan are small. Three genetic clusters were identified, although no clear structure was confirmed based on geographical and genetic distributions However, F _IS>0 was confirmed in several populations (p < 0.01), and AMOVA showed a significant genetic variation of approximately 5% among the groups, indicating a weak genetic structure of Japanese T. matsutake. The genetic resource conservation area could not be uniformly determined, because the correlation between genetic structure and geographical distribution is unclear.

摘要

松茸口蘑是一种在日本松科森林中发现的外生菌根真菌。它生产“松茸”蘑菇，自古以来就被用作日本料理的重要组成部分。松茸是最有价值的特殊林产品之一。然而，在过去的几十年中，它们在日本的产量下降了。在本研究中，为促进国内松茸遗传资源的保存，我们分析了从13个州收集的松茸子实体，其中包括1个云杉林和12个松林。日本群岛的森林中，使用SSR标记并阐明了它们的遗传结构。在这些人群中总共检测到123个基因型。群之间的遗传分化低（˚F _ST  = 0.048和ģ ' _ST  = 0.052）。此外，在空间尺度上未检测到明显的IBD，种群之间的距离高达大约1300 km。日本不同地区的松茸种群之间的遗传差异很小。尽管没有根据地理和遗传分布确定清晰的结构，但已鉴定出三个遗传簇。然而，F _IS在多个种群中证实> 0（p <0.01），并且AMOVA在各组之间显示约5％的显着遗传变异，表明日本松茸的遗传结构较弱。由于遗传结构和地理分布之间的相关性尚不清楚，因此无法统一确定遗传资源保护区。