ABSTRACT

The formation of carbon–carbon bonds is a quest that has required a lot of research throughout the last 125 years of history of chemistry. The creation of these bonds is key to producing a wide variety of advanced products with great societal importance. In the past, the Knoevenagel reaction entailed a big part of these reactions. All the Knoevenagel reactions are performed with nitrogen-based catalysts, categorized as tertiary amines, secondary amines, primary amines, and ammonium salts. These catalysts operate through different reaction paths, with very deviant intermediates concerning each category. Subsequently, these intermediates create new research opportunities considering their catalytic activity. Some remarks are made in the context of green chemistry, with quantitative analysis using e-factor calculations. In this perspective, the importance of Knoevenagel chemistry exemplified, which is repeatedly overlooked throughout history.

摘要

碳-碳键的形成是一项探索，在过去的125年化学史中，需要进行大量研究。这些键的建立是生产具有社会重要性的各种先进产品的关键。过去，Knoevenagel反应占据了这些反应的很大一部分。所有的Knoevenagel反应均使用基于氮的催化剂进行，这些催化剂分为叔胺，仲胺，伯胺和铵盐。这些催化剂通过不同的反应路径进行操作，其中涉及每种类别的中间体非常不同。随后，考虑到它们的催化活性，这些中间体创造了新的研究机会。在绿色化学的背景下进行了一些评论，并使用电子因子计算进行了定量分析。从这个角度来看，