Abstract

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have been used in various monitoring applications for the past two decades, as one of the very few options to provide absolute positions in a global reference frame. However, high performance GNSS stations are expensive, and sometimes may be impractical because of their size, power consumption or software requirements. Thus, the use of low-cost GNSS stations for structural health monitoring (SHM) has gained increasing attention. This paper presents a detailed experimental assessment of multiple combinations of GNSS receivers and antennas, and highlights an optimal cost-efficient solution for monitoring applications. Several sets of processing parameters and constraints are also evaluated using open source RTKLib software. The performance of the proposed solution is evaluated through two experimental dynamic scenarios, proving its ability to track quick displacements down to 4 mm and oscillations of 1 cm with a frequency up to 0.25 Hz with a 1 Hz receiver. Finally, a two-week dataset acquired from on a network of low-cost GNSS stations deployed on a suspended bridge is used to validate on-site performance. Results show good agreement between GNSS time series, traditional displacement sensors, and numerical simulations made using an operational mechanical model of the bridge, highlighting the potential of such low-cost solutions for structural health monitoring applications.

摘要

在过去的二十年里，全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 已被用于各种监测应用，作为在全球参考框架中提供绝对位置的极少数选项之一。然而，高性能 GNSS 站价格昂贵，有时由于其尺寸、功耗或软件要求而可能不切实际。因此，使用低成本 GNSS 站进行结构健康监测 (SHM) 越来越受到关注。本文对 GNSS 接收器和天线的多种组合进行了详细的实验评估，并重点介绍了用于监控应用的最佳成本效益解决方案。还使用开源 RTKLib 软件评估了几组处理参数和约束。所提出的解决方案的性能通过两个实验动态场景进行评估，证明其能够使用 1 Hz 接收器跟踪低至 4 mm 的快速位移和频率高达 0.25 Hz 的 1 cm 振荡。最后，从部署在悬索桥上的低成本 GNSS 站网络获取的为期两周的数据集用于验证现场性能。结果表明，GNSS 时间序列、传统位移传感器和使用桥梁运行机械模型进行的数值模拟之间具有良好的一致性，突出了这种低成本解决方案在结构健康监测应用中的潜力。从部署在悬索桥上的低成本 GNSS 站网络获取的为期两周的数据集用于验证现场性能。结果表明，GNSS 时间序列、传统位移传感器和使用桥梁运行机械模型进行的数值模拟之间具有良好的一致性，突出了这种低成本解决方案在结构健康监测应用中的潜力。从部署在悬索桥上的低成本 GNSS 站网络获取的为期两周的数据集用于验证现场性能。结果表明，GNSS 时间序列、传统位移传感器和使用桥梁运行机械模型进行的数值模拟之间具有良好的一致性，突出了这种低成本解决方案在结构健康监测应用中的潜力。