Host antiviral factor interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are a kind of small-molecule transmembrane proteins induced by interferon. Their broad-spectrum antiviral activity and unique ability to inhibit viral invasion have made them a hot molecule in antiviral research in recent years. Since the first demonstration of their natural ability to resist viral infection in 1996, IFITMs have been reported to limit a variety of viral infections, including some major pathogens that seriously endanger human health and social stability, such as influenza A, Ebol, severe acute respiratory syndrome, AIDS, and Zika viruses, etc. Studies show that IFITMs mainly exert antiviral activity during virus entry, specifically interfering with the fusion of the envelope and the endosome membrane or forming fusion micropores to block the virus from entering the cytoplasm. However, their specific mechanism is still unclear. This article mainly reviews the research progress in the structure, evolution, function, and mechanism of IFITMs, which may provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the molecular mechanism of interaction between the molecules and viruses and the research and development of new antiviral drugs based on IFITMs.

宿主抗病毒因子干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白（IFITMs）是干扰素诱导的一种小分子跨膜蛋白。它们的广谱抗病毒活性和独特的抑制病毒侵袭的能力使它们成为近年来抗病毒研究中的热门分子。自1996年首次证明其具有抵抗病毒感染的天然能力以来，据报道，IFITM可以限制多种病毒感染，包括严重危害人类健康和社会稳定的一些主要病原体，例如甲型流感，埃博拉病毒，严重急性呼吸道疾病综合征，艾滋病和寨卡病毒等。研究表明，IFITM主要在病毒进入过程中发挥抗病毒活性，特别是干扰包膜和内体膜的融合或形成融合微孔以阻止病毒进入细胞质。但是，它们的具体机制仍不清楚。本文主要综述了IFITMs的结构，演化，功能和机理的研究进展，为阐明分子与病毒相互作用的分子机制以及基于IFITMs的新型抗病毒药物的研究提供理论依据。 。