Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a critical role in follicular growth and granulosa cell function; however, the mechanism by which the aggressive stimulation of FSH leads to poorer oocyte quality and embryo development potential is unclear. In this study, bovine ovarian granulosa cells (BGCs) were challenged with FSH doses (vehicle, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml) to investigate the effects of FSH on BGCs. The results indicated that the relative viability of BGCs was significantly increased in cells challenged with 1 ng/ml FSH, whereas the viability was significantly decreased with 100 ng/ml FSH treatment. The mRNA abundance of FSHR, CYP19, StAR and BAX was significantly upregulated with 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml of FSH, while the BCL‐2 mRNA level was downregulated with higher concentrations of FSH (10 and 100 ng/ml). Furthermore, BGC autophagy was detected in cells treated with 10 and 100 ng/ml FSH by MDC staining, and the mRNA abundance of LC3, BECN1, BNIP3, ATG3 and ATG7 was upregulated with increasing FSH concentration. Meanwhile, the protein expression of LC3 was increased in cells treated with 10 and 100 ng/ml FSH. 1 and 10 ng/ml FSH significantly increased E2 production, whereas 10 and 100 ng/ml FSH significantly increased P4 production. FSH significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT in cells treated with higher concentrations (1, 10 and 100 ng/ml), while activating mTOR phosphorylation at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng/ml of FSH. In summary, we can conclude that higher doses of FSH (10 and 100 ng/ml) induce BGC autophagy via the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.

中文翻译：

---

高剂量的FSH通过AKT / mTOR途径诱导牛卵巢颗粒细胞自噬

促卵泡激素（FSH）在卵泡生长和颗粒细胞功能中起关键作用。然而，FSH的积极刺激导致较差的卵母细胞质量和胚胎发育潜能的机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，以FSH剂量（载体，0.1、1、10和100 ng / ml）攻击牛卵巢颗粒细胞（BGC），以研究FSH对BGC的作用。结果表明，在用1 ng / ml FSH攻击的细胞中，BGC的相对活力显着提高，而在100 ng / ml FSH处理后，BGC的相对活力显着降低。的mRNA丰度FSHR，CYP19，追回和BAX与1,10和100ng / ml的FSH的混合物显著上调，而较高浓度的FSH（10和100 ng / ml）会下调BCL-2 mRNA水平。此外，通过MDC染色在10 ng / ml和100 ng / ml FSH处理的细胞中检测到BGC自噬，并且检测到LC3，BECN1，BNIP3，ATG3和ATG7的mRNA丰度。随着FSH浓度的增加而上调。同时，在用10和100 ng / ml FSH处理的细胞中，LC3的蛋白表达增加。1和10 ng / ml FSH显着增加E2产生，而10和100 ng / ml FSH显着增加P4产生。FSH在以较高浓度（1、10和100 ng / ml）处理的细胞中显着抑制AKT的磷酸化，同时在10和100 ng / ml FSH的浓度下激活mTOR磷酸化。总之，我们可以得出结论，较高剂量的FSH（10和100 ng / ml）通过AKT / mTOR信号传导途径诱导BGC自噬。