Early adverse care has long-term impacts on physical and mental health. The influence of rearing conditions on the infant's gut microbiota and its relationship with developmental health has become more evident. The microbiome is essential for normal growth and metabolism, and the signaling from the gut to the brain may underlie individual differences in resilience later in life. Microbial diversity and composition were determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in fecal samples from 17 adolescents adopted internationally from orphanages into the United States and 18 adolescents reared in birth families who had similar educational and income levels. Analyses focused on diversity of the microbial community structure and differences in the abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Blood samples were used to immunophenotype the numbers of several T-cell subsets and cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity. Negative binomial regression analysis revealed several operational taxonomic units that were significantly different based on early rearing conditions and CMV seropositivity. There were significant associations between the relative abundance of certain taxa, the percentages of T-cell subsets in circulation, and CMV seropositivity. These findings demonstrate a possible link between the gut microbiota and associations with immune alterations initiated by early life adversity.

中文翻译：

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早期生活逆境后青少年的微生物群免疫改变：概念研究的证明

早期不良护理对身心健康有长期影响。抚养条件对婴儿肠道菌群的影响及其与发育健康的关系变得更加明显。微生物组对于正常的生长和新陈代谢至关重要，从肠道到大脑的信号可能是晚年个体恢复能力差异的基础。微生物多样性和组成是使用 16S rRNA 基因扩增子测序对来自国际上从孤儿院收养到美国的 17 名青少年的粪便样本和 18 名在具有相似教育和收入水平的出生家庭中抚养的青少年的粪便样本进行测定的。分析的重点是微生物群落结构的多样性和特定细菌类群丰度的差异。血液样本用于对几个 T 细胞亚群的数量和巨细胞病毒 (CMV) 血清阳性进行免疫表型分析。负二项式回归分析揭示了几个基于早期饲养条件和 CMV 血清阳性显着不同的操作分类单位。某些分类群的相对丰度、循环中 T 细胞亚群的百分比和 CMV 血清阳性率之间存在显着关联。这些发现表明肠道微生物群与早期生活逆境引发的免疫改变之间可能存在联系。某些分类群的相对丰度、循环中 T 细胞亚群的百分比和 CMV 血清阳性率之间存在显着关联。这些发现表明肠道微生物群与早期生活逆境引发的免疫改变之间可能存在联系。某些分类群的相对丰度、循环中 T 细胞亚群的百分比和 CMV 血清阳性率之间存在显着关联。这些发现表明肠道微生物群与早期生活逆境引发的免疫改变之间可能存在联系。