Ghrelin is a gastric hormone with multiple physiological functions, including the stimulation of food intake and adiposity. It is well established that circulating ghrelin levels are closely associated with feeding patterns, rising strongly before a meal and lowering upon food intake. However, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of ghrelin secretion are not fully understood. The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge on the circadian oscillation of circulating ghrelin levels, the neural mechanisms stimulating fasting ghrelin levels and peripheral mechanisms modulating postprandial ghrelin levels. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of targeting the ghrelin pathway is discussed in the context of the treatment of various metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, diabetic gastroparesis and Prader‐Willi syndrome. Moreover, eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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胃饥饿素分泌的调节

Ghrelin 是一种胃激素，具有多种生理功能，包括刺激食物摄入和肥胖。众所周知，循环生长素释放肽水平与进食模式密切相关，饭前强烈升高，进食后降低。然而，调节生长素释放肽分泌的潜在机制尚不完全清楚。本综述的目的是讨论当前关于循环 ghrelin 水平的昼夜节律振荡、刺激空腹 ghrelin 水平的神经机制和调节餐后 ghrelin 水平的外周机制的知识。此外，在治疗各种代谢紊乱（包括肥胖、2 型糖尿病、糖尿病性胃轻瘫和 Prader-Willi 综合征）的背景下讨论了靶向 ghrelin 通路的治疗潜力。