Altered astrocytic function in experimental neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis,Glia

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Altered astrocytic function in experimental neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis
Glia ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-28 , DOI: 10.1002/glia.23940
Sofia Pereira das Neves _{1,

2} , João Carlos Sousa _{1,

2} , Nuno Sousa _{1,

2,

3} , João José Cerqueira _{1,

2,

3} , Fernanda Marques _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects about 2.5 million people worldwide. In MS, the patients’ immune system starts to attack the myelin sheath, leading to demyelination, neurodegeneration, and, ultimately, loss of vital neurological functions such as walking. There is currently no cure for MS and the available treatments only slow the initial phases of the disease. The later‐disease mechanisms are poorly understood and do not directly correlate with the activity of immune system cells, the main target of the available treatments. Instead, evidence suggests that disease progression and disability are better correlated with the maintenance of a persistent low‐grade inflammation inside the CNS, driven by local glial cells, like astrocytes and microglia. Depending on the context, astrocytes can (a) exacerbate inflammation or (b) promote immunosuppression and tissue repair. In this review, we will address the present knowledge that exists regarding the role of astrocytes in MS and experimental animal models of the disease.

中文翻译：

实验性神经炎症和多发性硬化中星形胶质细胞功能的改变

多发性硬化症 (MS) 是一种中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的慢性炎症性疾病，影响全球约 250 万人。在 MS 中，患者的免疫系统开始攻击髓鞘，导致脱髓鞘、神经退行性变，并最终丧失行走等重要神经功能。目前还没有治愈 MS 的方法，可用的治疗方法只能减缓疾病的初始阶段。晚期疾病机制知之甚少，并且与免疫系统细胞的活性没有直接关系，而免疫系统细胞是可用治疗的主要目标。相反，有证据表明，疾病进展和残疾与中枢神经系统内由局部神经胶质细胞（如星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞）驱动的持续性低度炎症的维持有更好的相关性。根据上下文，星形胶质细胞可以 (a) 加剧炎症或 (b) 促进免疫抑制和组织修复。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论关于星形胶质细胞在 MS 和该疾病的实验动物模型中的作用的现有知识。

更新日期：2020-11-28

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