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Lessons from four decades of monitoring vegetation and fire: maintaining diversity and resilience in Florida’s uplands
Ecological Monographs ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-28 , DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1444
Warren G. Abrahamson 1, 2, 3 , Christy R. Abrahamson 3 , MatthewA. Keller 1, 4
Affiliation  

Worldwide, humans are altering the fire regimes (fire‐return intervals, severity, seasonality) of fire‐prone ecosystems, fragmenting natural landscapes, and altering climates. Efforts to restore fire regimes in natural areas are usually guided by fire management plans (FMP) that rely on prescribed burning. Despite the common use of FMPs, limited efforts have gone to assessing vegetative and faunal responses. While some insights into responses to fire from short‐term studies are available, there is less knowledge about FMP outcomes applied over multiple decades. Peninsular Florida hosts many fire‐prone communities including globally threatened Florida scrub. We repeatedly sampled species composition and abundance during a 38‐yr period (1977–2015) at 11 upland stands including wet prairies, flatwoods, and Florida scrub (i.e., oak scrub, rosemary scrub, hickory scrub). A total of 22 fires impacted the stands with individual stands experiencing as few as 2 and up to 11 fires. There was no invasion of non‐native plants following fires and stands showed remarkable ecological resilience with limited change in species composition and modest abundance shifts due to differential recovery rates. Importantly, ecological resilience was not eroded with repeated fire. Species richness, evenness, and diversity were significantly higher at the end vs. beginning of our study, suggesting that current fire regimes are within the range of those with which species evolved. While resprouting shrubs and trees persevered under a range of fire‐return intervals, an obligate‐seeding shrub was adversely impacted by fires more frequent than FMP‐recommended intervals. Several lessons are apparent from our findings. Best practice should: use the full range of fire‐return variation at evolutionarily appropriate intervals; utilize natural fire seasons to the extent possible; compare outcomes and modify prescriptions as necessary to meet FMP goals; give special consideration to burn units with embedded associations of widely differing fire regimes than principal associations in order to maintain diversity of both associations; and account for climate change in FMPs since fire behavior, frequency, and community responses to fire will likely change in the coming decades. Outcomes of FMPs must be carefully evaluated to ensure prescriptions are evolutionarily appropriate and to ameliorate the impacts of altered climates.

中文翻译:

监测植被和火灾的四个十年的经验教训:维持佛罗里达高地的多样性和复原力

在全球范围内,人类正在改变着火多发的生态系统的火灾状况(火灾返回间隔,严重性,季节性),自然景观破碎化和气候变化。恢复自然区域火灾状况的工作通常以依赖于规定燃烧的火灾管理计划(FMP)为指导。尽管使用了FMP,但在评估植物和动物反应方面所做的工作很少。尽管可以从短期研究中获得有关火灾响应的一些见解,但对几十年来应用的FMP结果的了解较少。佛罗里达半岛拥有许多易火社区,包括全球受威胁的佛罗里达灌木丛。我们在38年间(1977-2015年)的11个高地林分中反复采样了物种组成和丰度,其中包括湿草原,阔叶林和佛罗里达灌木丛(即橡树灌木丛,迷迭香磨砂膏,山核桃磨砂膏)。共有22场大火袭击了看台,单个看台仅经历了2次,最多发生了11场大火。火灾后没有非本地植物的入侵,林分显示出显着的生态适应力,物种组成的变化有限,并且由于恢复率的差异而导致适度的丰度变化。重要的是,生态适应力不会因反复火灾而受到侵蚀。与我们的研究初期相比,物种的丰富度,均匀性和多样性显着更高,这表明当前的火灾状况在与物种演化有关的范围内。虽然重新萌发的灌木和树木在一定的回火间隔内持续存在,但比FMP推荐的间隔频繁发生的火灾对专性播种灌木产生了不利影响。从我们的发现中可以得出几个教训。最佳实践应:在进化上适当的时间间隔内使用整个回火变化范围;尽可能利用自然火季;比较结果并根据需要修改处方以实现FMP目标;特别考虑对具有与主要协会有很大不同的火灾制度的嵌入式协会的燃烧单位进行维护,以保持两个协会的多样性;并说明FMP中的气候变化,因为在未来几十年内,起火行为,发生频率和社区对起火的反应可能会发生变化。必须仔细评估FMP的结果,以确保处方在进化上合适并减轻气候变化的影响。在进化上适当的间隔内使用整个回火变化范围;尽可能利用自然火季;比较结果并根据需要修改处方以实现FMP目标;特别考虑对具有与主要协会有很大不同的火灾制度的嵌入式协会的燃烧单位进行维护,以保持两个协会的多样性;并说明FMP中的气候变化,因为在未来几十年内,起火行为,发生频率和社区对起火的反应可能会发生变化。必须仔细评估FMP的结果,以确保处方在进化上合适并减轻气候变化的影响。在进化上适当的间隔内使用整个回火变化范围;尽可能利用自然火季;比较结果并根据需要修改处方以实现FMP目标;特别考虑对具有与主要协会有很大不同的火灾制度的嵌入式协会的燃烧单位进行维护,以保持两个协会的多样性;并说明FMP中的气候变化,因为在未来几十年内,起火行为,发生频率和社区对火灾的反应可能会发生变化。必须仔细评估FMP的结果,以确保处方在进化上合适并减轻气候变化的影响。特别注意燃烧具有与主要协会有很大不同的火灾制度的嵌入式协会的燃烧单位,以保持两个协会的多样性;并说明FMP中的气候变化,因为在未来几十年内,起火行为,发生频率和社区对火灾的反应可能会发生变化。必须仔细评估FMP的结果,以确保处方在进化上合适并减轻气候变化的影响。特别考虑对具有与主要协会有很大不同的火灾制度的嵌入式协会的燃烧单位进行维护,以保持两个协会的多样性;并说明FMP中的气候变化,因为在未来几十年内,起火行为,发生频率和社区对起火的反应可能会发生变化。必须仔细评估FMP的结果,以确保处方在进化上合适并减轻气候变化的影响。
更新日期:2020-11-28
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