We present variations of oxygen 130.4 nm and hydrogen Ly‐β airglow of the Martian upper atmosphere observed by the Hisaki spacecraft in the Earth orbit. In 5‐year intermittent observations covering various Mars seasons, the 130.4 nm brightness varied from ∼700 to ∼1,200 Rayleigh, correlated with the solar 130.4 nm flux. The Ly‐β brightness, on the other hand, varied from ∼50 to ∼260 Rayleigh, correlated with the column dust optical depth rather than the solar Ly‐β flux. This suggests that the global oxygen column density in the upper atmosphere was relatively stable over the observations while the hydrogen column density was highly variable, controlled by dust storms. Although the observations were made in different Mars Years, we suggest that the hydrogen column density increased by at least 2–5 times from non‐dusty to dusty seasons. The source of the hydrogen atoms is likely water vapor transported from the lower atmosphere which subsequently photodissociate into hydrogen atoms. The amount of oxygen atoms dissociated from water vapor is small compared with those dissociated from the main CO₂ atmosphere. Large brightness of both emissions was detected during the comet siding spring (CSS) approach. We suggest that a large solar 130.4 nm flux caused the large 130.4 nm brightness and an effect of the CSS approach was small. For Ly‐β, a regional dust storm during the CSS approach likely caused the large brightness. Although it is possible that the hydrogen atoms are transported from the comet, we leave the effect of CSS on the Ly‐β brightness uncertain.

中文翻译：

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火星氧气和氢气的高层大气对太阳和沙尘暴驾驶员的响应：Hisaki太空望远镜观测

我们展示了由Hisaki宇宙飞船在地球轨道上观测到的火星上层大气的130.4 nm氧气和Ly-β氢气的氢Lyg变化。在覆盖各个火星季节的5年间歇观测中，130.4 nm的亮度在700瑞利至1200瑞利之间变化，与太阳的130.4 nm通量相关。另一方面，Ly-β的亮度在约50至260瑞利之间变化，与柱尘光学深度有关，与太阳的Ly-β通量有关。这表明高空大气层中的整体氧气柱密度相对于观测值相对稳定，而氢气柱密度在沙尘暴的控制下变化很大。尽管观测是在不同的火星年进行的，但我们建议从非尘土飞扬的季节到尘土飞扬的季节，氢柱密度至少增加2至5倍。氢原子的来源很可能是从低层大气中输送出来的水蒸气，这些水蒸气随后光解为氢原子。与从主要CO中解离的氧原子相比，从水蒸气中解离的氧原子的量很小_2个气氛。在彗星壁板弹簧（CSS）进近过程中检测到两种排放物的亮度都很高。我们建议130.4 nm的大太阳光通量会导致130.4 nm的大亮度，而CSS方法的影响很小。对于Ly-β，CSS进近期间的局部沙尘暴可能会导致较大的亮度。尽管氢原子可能是从彗星中运出的，但我们仍不确定CSS对Ly-β亮度的影响。