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Projections of Landscape Evolution on a 10,000 Year Timescale With Assessment and Partitioning of Uncertainty Sources
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 , DOI: 10.1029/2020jf005795
Katherine R. Barnhart 1, 2, 3 , Gregory E. Tucker 1, 2 , Sandra G. Doty 4 , Rachel C. Glade 2, 5, 6 , Charles M. Shobe 1, 2, 7 , Matthew W. Rossi 1, 8 , Mary C. Hill 9
Affiliation  

Long‐term erosion can threaten infrastructure and buried waste, with consequences for management of natural systems. We develop erosion projections over 10 ky for a 5 km2 watershed in New York, USA. Because there is no single landscape evolution model appropriate for the study site, we assess uncertainty in projections associated with model structure by considering a set of alternative models, each with a slightly different governing equation. In addition to model structure uncertainty, we consider the following uncertainty sources: selection of a final model set; each model's parameter values estimated through calibration; simulation boundary conditions such as the future incision of downstream rivers and future climate; and initial conditions (e.g., site topography which may undergo near‐term anthropogenic modification). We use an analysis‐of‐variance approach to assess and partition uncertainty in projected erosion into the variance attributable to each source. Our results suggest one sixth of the watershed will experience erosion exceeding 5 m in the next 10 ky. Uncertainty in projected erosion increases with time, and the projection uncertainty attributable to each source manifests in a distinct spatial pattern. Model structure uncertainty is relatively low, which reflects our ability to constrain parameter values and reduce the model set through calibration to the recent geologic past. Beyond site‐specific findings, our work demonstrates what information prediction‐under‐uncertainty studies can provide about geomorphic systems. Our results represent the first application of a comprehensive multi‐model uncertainty analysis for long‐term erosion forecasting.

中文翻译:

在10,000年时间尺度上对景观演变的预测,并对不确定性源进行评估和划分

长期侵蚀会威胁基础设施和掩埋的废物,对自然系统的管理产生后果。我们针对美国纽约5 km 2的分水岭开发了超过10 ky的侵蚀预测。由于没有适合该研究地点的单一景观演化模型,因此我们评估与模型结构相关的投影的不确定性通过考虑一组替代模型,每个模型具有略微不同的控制方程式。除了模型结构不确定性之外,我们还考虑以下不确定性来源:最终模型集的选择;通过校准估算每个模型的参数值;模拟边界条件,例如下游河流的未来切口和未来气候;和初始条件(例如,可能经历近期人为改变的场所地形)。我们使用方差分析方法来评估预计侵蚀的不确定性并将其划分为每个来源的方差。我们的结果表明,在接下来的10 ky中,流域的六分之一将遭受超过5 m的侵蚀。预计侵蚀的不确定性会随着时间而增加,每个源的投影不确定性表现为不同的空间格局。模型结构的不确定性相对较低,这反映了我们能够约束参数值并通过校准到最近的地质历史来减少模型集的能力。除了特定地点的发现之外,我们的工作还证明了不确定性预测研究可以提供有关地貌系统的信息。我们的结果代表了全面的多模型不确定性分析在长期侵蚀预测中的首次应用。我们的工作表明,不确定性预测研究可以提供有关地貌系统的信息。我们的结果代表了全面的多模型不确定性分析在长期侵蚀预测中的首次应用。我们的工作表明,不确定性预测研究可以提供有关地貌系统的信息。我们的结果代表了全面的多模型不确定性分析在长期侵蚀预测中的首次应用。
更新日期:2020-12-20
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