Objective

The objective of this review is to trace the evolution of the art and science of allergy immunotherapy (AIT).

Data Sources

Original reports relating to the evolution of the concept of respiratory allergy and its specific treatment were identified by following references in journal articles, review articles, and allergy textbooks from the mid-20th century to the present.

Study Selections

Studies highlighting substantial milestones in the evolution of the practice of allergy immunotherapy were included.

Results

The story of AIT begins with the recognition of hay fever as a distinct entity and subsequent studies that established grass pollen as one of the causes. This knowledge led several investigators, most notable Leonard Noon and John Freeman who worked at St. Mary’s Hospital in London, to attempt to induce tolerance giving grass pollen extract by injection to their patients. After the publication of the work of Noon and Freeman in 1911, the practice of AIT spread rapidly and was applied to many other pollen allergens besides grass and for perennial rhinitis and asthma. The early studies were largely anecdotal, but over the past 60 to 70 years, studies of AIT have been conducted with increasingly sophisticated scientific methods. Nowadays, not only is the practice of AIT based on carefully conducted studies, but the underlying immunologic basis of allergy and the response to AIT have also been and still are being firmly established.

Conclusion

Both the art and the science behind the practice of AIT have been established by a solid base of clinical and immunologic studies.

中文翻译：

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过敏免疫疗法的发展

客观的

这篇综述的目的是追踪过敏免疫疗法（AIT）的艺术和科学发展。

数据源

通过参考20世纪中叶至今的期刊文章，评论文章和过敏教科书中的参考文献，可以确定与呼吸道过敏概念及其具体治疗方法演变有关的原始报道。

研究选择

包括突出了变态免疫疗法实践发展中的重要里程碑的研究。

结果

AIT的故事始于将花粉热识别为一个独特的实体，随后的研究则将草粉作为原因之一。这种知识使数名研究人员，其中最著名的是伦纳德·诺恩（Leonard Noon）和约翰·弗里曼（John Freeman），他们曾在伦敦圣玛丽医院工作，试图通过给患者注射草粉花粉来诱导耐受性。在1911年Noon和Freeman的著作发表后，AIT的实践迅速传播开来，除草和多年生的鼻炎和哮喘外，AIT的应用还适用于许多其他花粉过敏原。早期的研究大都是传闻，但在过去的60到70年间，AIT的研究已通过越来越复杂的科学方法进行。如今，不仅基于精心研究的AIT实践，

结论

通过临床和免疫学研究的坚实基础，已经建立了AIT实践背后的技术和科学。