Burushaski is an endangered language isolate spoken in Hunza, Nager, and Yasin valleys of Gilgit, Northern Pakistan. The present study investigates the acoustic correlates of Hunza Burushaski’s three-way stop laryngeal contrast (voiceless unaspirated, voiceless aspirated, and voiced unaspirated) across five places of articulation (bilabial, dental, retroflex, palatal, and velar). A wide range of acoustic correlates were measured, including Voice Onset Time (VOT), fundamental frequency (f0), first four formants (F1, F2, F3, and F4), spectral moments of stop release bursts (spectral center of gravity, spectral standard deviation, spectral skewness, and spectral kurtosis), and spectral tilt (H1*–H2*, H1*–A1*, H1*–A2*, and H1*–A3*). The data were collected from four Burushaski speakers. The findings indicated that voiceless aspirated consonants exhibited longer Voice Onset Time and higher spectral tilt onsets than their voiceless unaspirated and voiced unaspirated counterparts. The fundamental frequency was raised in both voiceless series. Some acoustic measures (e.g., Voice Onset Time and fundamental frequency) were better indicators of the laryngeal contrasts while others (spectral moments) more reliably distinguished the place contrasts. The results of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) showed that a combination of spectral tilt and Voice Onset Time are the best descriptors of the three laryngeal categories of Burushaski.

Burushaski是在巴基斯坦北部吉尔吉特邦的洪扎，纳格和亚辛河谷使用的一种濒临灭绝的语言。本研究调查了Hunza Burushaski的三向喉声对比（无声未吸气，无声吸气和有声无声）在五个关节（胆道，牙齿，后屈、,骨和腓骨）的声学相关性。测量了广泛的声学相关性，包括语音开始时间（VOT），基本频率（f0），前四个共振峰（F1，F2，F3和F4），停止释放脉冲的频谱矩（频谱重心，频谱）标准偏差，光谱偏度和光谱峰度）和光谱倾斜度（H1 * –H2 *，H1 * –A1 *，H1 * –A2 *和H1 * –A3 *）。数据是从四个Burushaski发言人那里收集的。研究结果表明，与无声吸音辅音相比，无声吸音辅音表现出更长的语音起音时间和更高的频谱倾斜起音。在两个无声系列中，基本频率都提高了。一些声学测量（例如，语音起音时间和基本频率）是喉部对比度的更好指标，而其他（频谱矩）则更可靠地区分了位置对比。线性判别分析（LDA）的结果表明，频谱倾斜和语音开始时间的组合是Burushaski三种喉镜类别的最佳描述。一些声学测量（例如，语音起音时间和基本频率）是喉部对比度的更好指标，而其他（频谱矩）则更可靠地区分了位置对比。线性判别分析（LDA）的结果表明，频谱倾斜和语音开始时间的组合是Burushaski三种喉镜类别的最佳描述。一些声学测量（例如，语音起音时间和基本频率）是喉部对比度的更好指标，而其他（频谱矩）则更可靠地区分了位置对比。线性判别分析（LDA）的结果表明，频谱倾斜和语音开始时间的组合是Burushaski三种喉镜类别的最佳描述。