With increasing attentions being drawn to the underwater observation and utilization of marine resources in recent years, underwater image processing and analysis have become an active research hotspot. Different from the general images, marine environment is usually faced with some complicated situations such as underwater turbulence and diffusion, severe absorption and scattering of water body, various noises, low contrast, uniform illumination, monotonous color, complex underwater-background. In response to these typical challenges, a large body of works in underwater image processing has been exploited in recent years. This survey introduces a review of existing relatively mature and representative underwater image processing models, which are classified into seven categories including enhancement, fog removal, noise reduction, segmentation, salient object detection, color constancy and restoration. We then objectively evaluate the current situations and future development trend of underwater image processing, and provide some insights into the prospective research directions to promote the development of underwater vision and beyond.

近年来，随着对海洋资源的水下观测和利用的关注日益增加，水下图像处理和分析已成为活跃的研究热点。与一般图像不同，海洋环境通常面临一些复杂的情况，例如水下湍流和扩散，水体的严重吸收和散射，各种噪声，低对比度，均匀照明，色彩单调，复杂的水下背景。为了应对这些典型的挑战，近年来，在水下图像处理中已经开发了大量的作品。本次调查介绍了现有的相对成熟且具有代表性的水下图像处理模型，该模型分为七类，包括增强，除雾，降噪，分割，显着的物体检测，色彩恒定性和还原性。然后，我们客观地评估了水下图像处理的现状和未来的发展趋势，并就促进水下视觉及其未来发展的前瞻性研究方向提供了一些见识。