Abstract Rocket (Eruca sativa L.) is an old native plant well adapted to diverse climates in Iran. It’s known for the ability to grow and produce seeds rich in protein and oil as well as edible foliage under marginal conditions and has a potential as a promising oil seed. Nonetheless, little is known about its response to salt stress. This study aimed to evaluate possible genetic diversity of local landraces of rocket in terms of salinity tolerance both in germination and whole plant level. In the first experiment, germination characteristics of seven ecotypes of rocket named based on the region of collection as Sirjan, Bardsir, Rigan, Shahdad, Abadeh, Lamerd and Darejove were assayed under increasing salinity from 0 to 18 dS/m. Increasing salinity decreased all germination indices but ecotypes significantly differ in the magnitude of response. Averaged over salinity levels and based on scoring values for final germination percentage, germination rate and seed vigor, one superior (Sirjan), one inferior (Bardsir) and one moderate (Darejove) ecotype were selected for further investigation in the second experiment in which plants were subjected to three salinity levels (1.8, 6 and 12 dS/m) in a hydroculture system and some of their biochemical, physiological and dry matter accumulation attributes were evaluated. Results showed that increasing salinity decreased grain and biological yield, relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf area but increased leaf carotenoids content, electrolyte leakage, proline and soluble sugars concentrations and shoot and root Na content. Also, in all three ecotypes activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, guaiacole peroxidase and ascorbate peroxides increased in response to application of 6 or 12 dS/m salinity, but these alterations were not correlated with dry matter or grain production. Na shoot content, however, was closely and negatively associated with grain and biological yield and differ significantly among ecotypes. Interestingly, Bardsir, the least salt tolerant ecotype at germination, was the best in hydroculture experiment and often showed the highest values for the most growth parameters measured. These differential responses suggest a possible change in salt tolerance mechanism along with developmental stages transition.

中文翻译：

---

NaCl胁迫下火箭种群的萌发、生长和产量表现出强烈的生态型变异

摘要 火箭 (Eruca sativa L.) 是一种古老的本土植物，能很好地适应伊朗的不同气候。它以在边缘条件下生长和生产富含蛋白质和油的种子以及可食用叶子的能力而闻名，并具有作为有前途的油籽的潜力。尽管如此，人们对其对盐胁迫的反应知之甚少。本研究旨在从发芽和整株水平的耐盐性方面评估当地地方品种火箭可能的遗传多样性。在第一个实验中，在盐度从 0 到 18 dS/m 增加的情况下，分析了基于收集区域命名为 Sirjan、Bardsir、Rigan、Shahdad、Abadeh、Lamerd 和 Darejove 的七种火箭的发芽特征。增加盐度会降低所有发芽指数，但生态型的响应幅度显着不同。平均盐度水平并基于最终发芽率、发芽率和种子活力的评分值，选择了一种优良 (Sirjan)、一种劣势 (Bardsir) 和一种中等 (Darejove) 生态型，用于在第二个实验中进一步研究植物在水培系统中经受三个盐度水平（1.8、6 和 12 dS/m），并评估了它们的一些生化、生理和干物质积累属性。结果表明，盐度增加会降低谷物和生物产量、相对水分含量、叶绿素含量和叶面积，但会增加叶类胡萝卜素含量、电解质泄漏、脯氨酸和可溶性糖浓度以及地上部和根部 Na 含量。此外，在过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、愈创木酚过氧化物酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物响应于 6 或 12 dS/m 盐度的应用而增加，但这些变化与干物质或谷物产量无关。然而，Na 芽含量与粮食和生物产量密切相关且呈负相关，并且在生态型之间存在显着差异。有趣的是，Bardsir 是发芽时耐盐性最低的生态型，在水培实验中表现最好，并且通常显示出测量的大多数生长参数的最高值。这些不同的反应表明，随着发育阶段的转变，耐盐机制可能发生变化。与粮食和生物产量密切负相关，并且在生态类型之间差异显着。有趣的是，Bardsir 是发芽时耐盐性最低的生态型，在水培实验中表现最好，并且通常显示出测量的大多数生长参数的最高值。这些不同的反应表明，随着发育阶段的转变，耐盐机制可能发生变化。与粮食和生物产量密切负相关，并且在生态类型之间差异显着。有趣的是，Bardsir 是发芽时耐盐性最低的生态型，在水培实验中表现最好，并且通常显示出测量的大多数生长参数的最高值。这些不同的反应表明，随着发育阶段的转变，耐盐机制可能发生变化。