Abstract We explored the presence of uncanny ferromagnetic-like nature from unintentional hydrogen doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using the combined results of SQUID, EPR, and NMR spectroscopy. The SQUID magnetometer reveals an apparent magnetization, coexistence of ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic nature, negative-magnetization, and disordered magnetic behavior of ZnO NPs. This type of unusual ferromagnetic-like nature observed from non-magnetic ZnO NPs is encouraged due to the existence of undoubtedly native-defects such as zinc-vacancy (VZn), vacancy clusters, and donor-vacancy associated complexes (H–VZn), which are induced either by doping of magnetic or non-magnetic impurities. Further, the electron or hole trapped by complex-defects and polaronic states induces the ferromagnetic-like characteristics in the nano-scale ZnO. Photo-EPR and NMR studies confirm that the presence of hydrogen at the lattice position and in the vicinity of defective ZnO NPs bound with VZn form the donor-vacancy complex-defects. This nano-scale ZnO may be tunable for the applications of the magneto-optic and magnetostriction effect.

中文翻译：

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VZn-H 复合缺陷诱导非故意掺氢 ZnO 纳米粒子的铁磁行为

摘要 我们使用 SQUID、EPR 和 NMR 光谱的组合结果探索了无意中掺杂氢的 ZnO 纳米粒子 (NPs) 中存在的不可思议的类铁磁性质。SQUID 磁力计揭示了 ZnO NPs 的明显磁化、铁磁和反铁磁性质的共存、负磁化和无序磁行为。从非磁性 ZnO NPs 观察到的这种不寻常的类铁磁性性质受到鼓励，因为它存在无疑的天然缺陷，如锌空位 (VZn)、空位簇和供体空位相关配合物 (H-VZn)，它们是由掺杂磁性或非磁性杂质引起的。此外，被复合缺陷和极化子态俘获的电子或空穴会在纳米级 ZnO 中引起类似铁磁的特性。Photo-EPR 和 NMR 研究证实，在晶格位置和与 VZn 结合的有缺陷的 ZnO NPs 附近存在氢形成供体空位复合缺陷。这种纳米级 ZnO 可以针对磁光和磁致伸缩效应的应用进行调节。