In this work, the porosity, graphitization and iron doping of biochar were realized simultaneously by the pyrolysis of biomass and potassium ferrate (K₂FeO₄), then the iron-doped graphitized biochar was reduced to synthesize nanoscale zero-valent iron loaded porous graphitized biochar (nZVI/PGBC). 17β-estradiol (E2) is an environmental endocrine disruptor that can cause great harm to the environment in small doses. Experiments illustrated that nZVI/PGBC (100 mg/L) could completely remove E2 (3 mg/L) within 45 min by activating sodium persulfate (PS, 400 mg/L). The E2 removal efficiency of nZVI/PGBC was obviously superior to that of pristine biochar (BC), iron-doped graphitized biochar (Fe/GBC), nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and porous graphitized biochar (PGBC). The removal efficiency could be affected by reaction conditions, including reaction temperature, acidity, dosage of catalyst and oxidant and water matrix. Quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) demonstrated that ${\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}^{-}\text{·}$ and HO· were both responsible for E2 degradation. This study indicated that Fe⁰ and Fe²⁺ were the main catalytic active substances, while the catalytic ability of PGBC was not obvious. The reaction mechanism was proposed, that is, PS was activated by electrons provided by the redox reaction between Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺, and PGBC acted as the carrier of nZVI, the adsorbent of E2 and the mediator of electron-transfer. This study demonstrates that nZVI/PGBC can be used as an effective activator for PS to remove organic pollutants in water.

通过生物质和高铁酸钾（K ₂ FeO _4）的热解，同时实现了生物炭的孔隙率，石墨化和铁掺杂。），然后还原铁掺杂的石墨化生物炭，以合成纳米级零价铁负载多孔石墨化生物炭（nZVI / PGBC）。17β-雌二醇（E2）是一种环境内分泌干扰物，可在小剂量下对环境造成极大伤害。实验表明，nZVI / PGBC（100 mg / L）可以通过活化过硫酸钠（PS，400 mg / L）在45分钟内完全去除E2（3 mg / L）。nZVI / PGBC的E2去除效率明显优于原始生物炭（BC），掺杂铁的石墨化生物炭（Fe / GBC），纳米级零价铁（nZVI）和多孔石墨化生物炭（PGBC）。去除效率受反应条件的影响，包括反应温度，酸度，催化剂和氧化剂的用量以及水基质。淬火实验和电子自旋共振（ESR）表明，${\text{所以}}_{\text{4}}^{--}\text{一种·}$和HO ·都负责E2降解。研究表明Fe ⁰和Fe ²⁺是主要的催化活性物质，而PGBC的催化能力不明显。提出了反应机理，即PS被Fe ²⁺和Fe ³⁺之间的氧化还原反应提供的电子激活，PGBC充当nZVI的载体，E2的吸附剂和电子转移的介体。这项研究表明，nZVI / PGBC可以用作PS的有效活化剂，以去除水中的有机污染物。