Herein, we describe the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) over a large range of conditions, exploring the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, oxidant ratio, and sonication time on the chemical and colloidal properties of the product. As a function of reaction parameters, modified from Hummers’ method, GO products were characterized and described via a suite of spectroscopic, structural, and morphological techniques, including TEM, UV-vis spectroscopy, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and DLS. Average carbon oxidation state and the yield of sonication were chosen as the two criteria to evaluate synthesized GO materials. It was observed that as reaction temperature increased, the oxidation state and the yield of sonication both increased. Reaction time and oxidant ratio not only increased the oxidation state of GO, but also had a pronounced effect on the final yield. As synthesized, GO with higher degrees of oxidization exhibited higher negative ζ-potential, slightly smaller hydrodynamic diameter, and higher critical coagulation concentration(s). Data sets collectively demonstrate that carbon oxidation state, ratio of functional groups, and the aggregation kinetics of GO product can be readily controlled by varying processing time and conditions with expected changes in aqueous behavior(s), including stability/aggregation.

本文中，我们描述了在大范围条件下氧化石墨烯（GO）的合成，探讨了反应温度，反应时间，氧化剂比和超声处理时间对产物化学和胶体性质的影响。作为反应参数的函数（通过Hummers方法修改而来），​​通过一系列光谱，结构和形态技术，包括TEM，UV-vis光谱，XPS，拉曼光谱，FTIR和DLS，对GO产品进行了表征和描述。选择平均碳氧化态和超声处理的收率作为评估合成GO材料的两个标准。观察到随着反应温度的升高，氧化态和超声处理的产率均增加。反应时间和氧化剂比不仅增加了GO的氧化态，但对最终产量也有明显的影响。合成后，具有较高氧化度的GO表现出较高的负ζ电位，略小的流体动力学直径和较高的临界凝结浓度。数据集共同证明，GO产物的碳氧化态，官能团比例和聚集动力学可以通过改变处理时间和条件以及预期的水行为（包括稳定性/聚集）变化来容易地控制。