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Initial coin offerings for blockchain based product provenance authentication platforms
International Journal of Production Economics ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107995
Tsan-Ming Choi , Xu Ouyang

Abstract: Blockchain is a distributed technology that supports financial operations and also helps establish a secure and trustworthy system for product provenance authentication. In the real world, blockchain based product provenance authentication (BPPA) platforms are developed to help certify products such as diamond. In this paper, we theoretically examine the initial coin offerings (ICO) project of such a BPPA platform. In the main models, we analytically build models to explore the cases without blockchain (Model NPF) and with blockchain (Model PF). We study the optimal pricing and optimal effort (for collecting product authentication information) decisions under each model. We examine the value of having the BPPA platform for both the firm and consumers. We reveal the analytical conditions governing when it is beneficial to use the BPPA platform. Then, we uncover how ICO can be used to finance the project with the launch of the BPPA platform. Finally, in the extended models and analyses, we consider the scenarios in which (i) the product's selling price is exogenous and remains the same for the cases without and with the BPPA platform, and (ii) the fixed setup cost for operating the BPPA platform and the fixed service fee charged (to the firm) are present. We find that all the qualitative insights remain valid and hence the findings derived from the main models are robust.

中文翻译:

基于区块链的产品来源认证平台的初始代币发行

摘要:区块链是一种支持金融运营的分布式技术,也有助于建立一个安全可信的产品来源认证系统。在现实世界中,开发了基于区块链的产品来源认证 (BPPA) 平台来帮助认证钻石等产品。在本文中,我们从理论上研究了这种 BPPA 平台的初始代币发行 (ICO) 项目。在主要模型中,我们通过分析构建模型来探索没有区块链(Model NPF)和有区块链(Model PF)的案例。我们研究了每个模型下的最优定价和最优努力(用于收集产品认证信息)决策。我们研究了拥有 BPPA 平台对公司和消费者的价值。我们揭示了何时使用 BPPA 平台有益的分析条件。然后,我们将通过 BPPA 平台的推出,揭示如何使用 ICO 为项目融资。最后,在扩展模型和分析中,我们考虑以下场景:(i) 产品的销售价格是外生的,并且在没有和有 BPPA 平台的情况下保持不变,以及 (ii) 运营 BPPA 的固定设置成本存在平台和(向公司)收取的固定服务费。我们发现所有定性见解仍然有效,因此从主要模型得出的结果是可靠的。s 销售价格是外生的,并且在没有和有 BPPA 平台的情况下保持不变,并且 (ii) 存在运营 BPPA 平台的固定设置成本和(向公司)收取的固定服务费。我们发现所有定性见解仍然有效,因此从主要模型得出的结果是可靠的。s 销售价格是外生的,并且在没有和有 BPPA 平台的情况下保持不变,并且 (ii) 存在运营 BPPA 平台的固定设置成本和(向公司)收取的固定服务费。我们发现所有定性见解仍然有效,因此从主要模型得出的结果是可靠的。
更新日期:2021-03-01
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