The physical properties of biomaterials, such as elasticity, stiffness, and surface nanotopography, are mechanical cues that regulate a broad spectrum of cell behaviors, including migration, differentiation, proliferation, and reprogramming. Among them, nanoscale surface topography, i.e., nanotopography, defines the nanoscale shape and spatial arrangement of surface elements, which directly interact with the cell membranes and stimulate changes in the cell signaling pathways. In biological systems, the effects of nanotopography are often entangled with those of other mechanical and biochemical factors. Precise engineering of 2D nanopatterns and 3D nanostructures with well-defined features has provided a powerful means to study the cellular responses to specific topographic features. In this Review, we discuss efforts in the last three years to understand how nanotopography affects membrane receptor activation, curvature-induced cell signaling, and stem cell differentiation.

生物材料的物理特性，如弹性、刚度和表面纳米形貌，是调节广泛细胞行为的机械线索，包括迁移、分化、增殖和重编程。其中，纳米级表面形貌，即纳米形貌，定义了表面元素的纳米级形状和空间排列，直接与细胞膜相互作用并刺激细胞信号通路的变化。在生物系统中，纳米形貌的影响常常与其他机械和生化因素的影响交织在一起。具有明确特征的 2D 纳米图案和 3D 纳米结构的精确工程为研究细胞对特定地形特征的反应提供了有力的手段。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了过去三年来了解纳米形貌如何影响膜受体激活、曲率诱导的细胞信号传导和干细胞分化的努力。