During cellular respiration, radicals, such as superoxide, are produced, and in a large concentration, they may cause cell damage. To combat this threat, the cell employs the enzyme Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1), which converts the radical superoxide into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, through redox reactions. Although this is its main function, recent studies have shown that the SOD1 has other functions that deviates from its original one including activation of nuclear gene transcription or as an RNA binding protein. This comprehensive review looks at the most important aspects of human SOD1 (hSOD1), including the structure, properties, and characteristics as well as transcriptional and post-translational modifications (PTM) that the enzyme can receive and their effects, and its many functions. We also discuss the strategies currently used to analyze it to better understand its participation in diseases linked to hSOD1 including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), cancer, and Parkinson.

在细胞呼吸期间，会产生自由基（例如超氧化物），并且自由基浓度过高时，可能会导致细胞损伤。为了应对这种威胁，该细胞采用了铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶（SOD1），该酶可通过氧化还原反应将自由基超氧化物转化为分子氧和过氧化氢。尽管这是其主要功能，但最近的研究表明，SOD1酶还具有其他功能，与原始功能不同，包括激活核基因转录或作为RNA结合蛋白。这篇全面的综述着眼于hSOD1的最重要方面，包括该酶可以接受的结构，性质和特征以及转录，翻译和翻译后修饰（PTM）及其作用，以及其许多功能。