The change of regional land use structure has important influence on the stability of ecosystem structure and function. As a typical representative of resource-based cities in central of China, original land use structure was changed because of industrial transformation and upgrading in Taiyuan, which has become a key link in ecological environment construction. Using the Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI), this paper calculates the ecological quality metrics of Taiyuan in the process of industrial transformation and upgrading, and explores the response of ecological quality in Taiyuan to the spatiotemporal evolution of land use structure. The results show that: (1) From 2003 to 2018, the proportion of urban construction land in east and south of Taiyuan continued to increase. (2) The ecological quality of Taiyuan improved generally. The most obvious improvement was achieved in the Fenhe River Valley. Some parts of the valley changed from strongly bad area (RSEI: 0.2–0.4) to strongly good area (RSEI: 0.8–1.0). (3) The ecological quality in Taiyuan was distributed unevenly in space. In 2013, the ecological quality in the south was poorer than that in 2003 and 2008. However, the ecological quality in that region showed a significant rebound in 2018. The research results shed important new light on urban land use structure, ecological quality evaluation, and formulation of ecological protection policies.

区域土地利用结构的变化对生态系统结构和功能的稳定性有重要影响。作为中部资源型城市的典型代表，太原市由于产业转型升级而改变了原有的土地利用结构，已成为生态环境建设的关键环节。利用图像可视化环境（ENVI），计算了太原市产业转型升级过程中的生态质量指标，探讨了太原市生态质量对土地利用结构时空演变的响应。结果表明：（1）2003年至2018年，太原市东部和南部城市建设用地比例持续增加。（2）太原市生态质量总体提高。最明显的改善是在en河流域。山谷的某些部分从极差区域（RSEI：0.2-0.4）变为极好的区域（RSEI：0.8-1.0）。（3）太原市生态质量空间分布不均。2013年，南部地区的生态质量比2003年和2008年差。但是，该地区的生态质量在2018年出现了明显的反弹。研究结果为城​​市土地利用结构，生态质量评价，制定生态保护政策。