Absolute gravimeters are used in geodesy, geophysics and physics for a wide spectrum of applications. Stable gravimetric measurements over timescales from several days to decades are required to provide relevant insight into geophysical processes. Users of absolute gravimeters participate in comparisons with a metrological reference in order to monitor the temporal stability of the instruments and determine the bias to that reference. However, since no measurement standard of higher-order accuracy currently exists, users of absolute gravimeters participate in key comparisons led by the International Committee for Weights and Measures. These comparisons provide the reference values of highest accuracy compared to the calibration against a single gravimeter operated at a metrological institute. The construction of stationary, large-scale atom interferometers paves the way for a new measurement standard in absolute gravimetry used as a reference with a potential stability up to 1nm/s2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1\,\hbox {nm}{/}{\hbox {s}^{2}}$$\end{document} at 1 s integration time. At the Leibniz University Hannover, we are currently building such a very long baseline atom interferometer with a 10-m-long interaction zone. The knowledge of local gravity and its gradient along and around the baseline is required to establish the instrument’s uncertainty budget and enable transfers of gravimetric measurements to nearby devices for comparison and calibration purposes. We therefore established a control network for relative gravimeters and repeatedly measured its connections during the construction of the atom interferometer. We additionally developed a 3D model of the host building to investigate the self-attraction effect and studied the impact of mass changes due to groundwater hydrology on the gravity field around the reference instrument. The gravitational effect from the building 3D model is in excellent agreement with the latest gravimetric measurement campaign which opens the possibility to transfer gravity values with an uncertainty below the 10nm/s2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${10}\,\hbox {nm}{/}{\hbox {s}^{2}}$$\end{document} level.

中文翻译：

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Hannover 10 m 原子干涉仪的重力场建模

绝对重力仪用于大地测量学、地球物理学和物理学的广泛应用。需要在几天到几十年的时间尺度内进行稳定的重力测量，以提供对地球物理过程的相关洞察。绝对重力仪的用户参与与计量参考的比较，以监测仪器的时间稳定性并确定该参考的偏差。然而，由于目前不存在更高阶精度的测量标准，绝对重力仪的用户参与了由国际度量衡委员会领导的关键比较。与在计量机构运行的单个重力计的校准相比，这些比较提供了最高精度的参考值。固定式建筑，大型原子干涉仪为绝对重力测量中的新测量标准铺平了道路，用作参考，潜在稳定性高达 1nm/s2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{ amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$1\,\hbox {nm}{/}{ \hbox {s}^{2}}$$\end{document} 在 1 s 积分时间。在汉诺威莱布尼茨大学，我们目前正在建造具有 10 米长相互作用区的超长基线原子干涉仪。需要了解局部重力及其沿基线和周围的梯度，以建立仪器的不确定性预算，并将重力测量值传输到附近的设备以进行比较和校准。因此，我们为相对重力仪建立了一个控制网络，并在原子干涉仪的建造过程中反复测量了其连接。我们还开发了宿主建筑的 3D 模型来研究自吸效应，并研究了地下水水文引起的质量变化对参考仪器周围重力场的影响。建筑 3D 模型的重力效应与最新的重力测量活动非常吻合，这开启了传输不确定度低于 10nm/s2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{ 的可能性wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${10}\,