A unique collection of high-quality late medieval (fifteenth–sixteenth century) glazed and unglazed stove tiles from the northern part of the Carpathian Basin is of great interest to archaeologists and art historians. It is yet to be determined if these products, which are characterised by similar features, were produced in a single workshop, perhaps in Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica (in present-day Slovakia), or in several workshops throughout the region. The first systematic multi-analytical investigation was carried out on the ceramic body and glaze of one hundred and seventeen tile fragments from six sites (Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica, Fülek/Fiľakovo, and Csábrág/Čabraď in Slovakia; Salgó, Eger, and Szécsény in Hungary) using polarising microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe, and Raman microspectroscopy analyses to determine the raw materials and production techniques used. Based on the petrographic characteristics, phase and chemical composition of the ceramic body, and the chemical composition and colourants of the glazes, the stove tiles can be classified into three primary groups. Tiles from different sites are different to each other, only the tiles from the Hungarian sites and from Fülek/Fiľakovo are similar. Thus, it is probable that the tiles were produced in several (at least three) workshops in the region from where they were then dispersed. The technological knowledge of the master(s) producing the polychrome Csábrág/Čabraď tiles with tin-opacified glazes was higher than that of the master(s) producing the other tiles. However, the exact location of the workshops as well as their existence through time is still in unknown.

考古学家和艺术史学家对喀尔巴阡盆地北部的中世纪晚期（十五至十六世纪）釉面和非釉面炉瓦的独特收藏非常感兴趣。这些具有相似特征的产品是在单个车间中生产的，尚待确定，也许是在Besztercebánya/BanskáBystrica（今天的斯洛伐克）中，还是在整个地区的几个车间中生产的。第一次系统的多分析研究是对六个地点（Besztercebánya/BanskáBystrica，Fülek/Fiľakovo和Csábrág/Čabraď在斯洛伐克；Salgó，Eger和Szécsény）六个地点的111个瓷砖碎片的陶瓷体和釉料进行了研究。匈牙利）使用偏光显微镜，X射线衍射，电子显微探针，和拉曼光谱分析确定所使用的原材料和生产技术。根据陶瓷体的岩石学特征，相和化学组成以及釉料的化学组成和着色剂，炉灶可分为三大类。不同地点的瓷砖彼此不同，只有匈牙利遗址和Fülek/Fiľakovo的瓷砖相似。因此，瓷砖可能是在该地区然后分散的几个（至少三个）车间中生产的。生产带有锡乳化釉料的彩色Csábrág/Čabraď彩色瓷砖的母版的技术知识高于生产其他瓷砖的母版的技术知识。然而，