In spite of the implementation of control strategies in honey bee (Apis mellifera) keeping, the invasive parasitic mite Varroa destructor remains one of the main causes of colony losses in numerous countries. Therefore, this parasite represents a serious threat to beekeeping and agro-ecosystems that benefit from the pollination services provided by honey bees. To maintain their stocks, beekeepers have to treat their colonies with acaricides every year. Selecting lineages that are resistant to infestations is deemed to be a more sustainable approach. Over the last three decades, numerous selection programs have been initiated to improve the host–parasite relationship and to support honey bee survival in the presence of the parasite without the need for acaricide treatments. Although resistance traits have been included in the selection strategy of honey bees, it has not been possible to globally solve the V. destructor problem. In this study, we review the literature on the reasons that have potentially limited the success of such selection programs. We compile the available information to assess the relevance of selected traits and the potential environmental effects that distort trait expression and colony survival. Limitations to the implementation of these traits in the field are also discussed. Improving our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying resistance to V. destructor to increase trait relevance, optimizing selection programs to reduce environmental effects, and communicating selection outcomes are all crucial to efforts aiming at establishing a balanced relationship between the invasive parasite and its new host.

中文翻译：

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蜜蜂抗螨螨Varroa破坏性抗性选择的研究进展与展望

尽管在蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）饲养中实施了控制策略，但在许多国家，侵入性寄生螨Varroa破坏因子仍然是造成群体损失的主要原因之一。因此，这种寄生虫对养蜂业和农业生态系统构成了严重威胁，这些养蜂和农业生态系统得益于蜜蜂提供的授粉服务。为了保持库存，养蜂人每年必须用杀螨剂治疗其殖民地。选择能抵抗侵染的血统被认为是一种更可持续的方法。在过去的三十年中，已经启动了许多选择计划，以改善宿主与寄生虫的关系，并在存在寄生虫的情况下支持蜜蜂的生存，而无需进行杀螨剂治疗。尽管在蜜蜂的选择策略中已经包括了抗性特质，但不可能全面解决弧菌的问题。在这项研究中，我们回顾了可能限制此类选择程序成功的原因的文献。我们汇总了可用信息，以评估所选性状的相关性以及扭曲性状表达和菌落存活的潜在环境影响。还讨论了在领域中实现这些特征的局限性。增进我们对抗弧菌抗性的机制的了解，以增加性状相关性，优化选择程序以减少环境影响，