BACKGROUND:Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) as basis for winemaking is one of the most economically important plants in modern agriculture. As requirements in viticulture are increasing due to changing environments, terroir and pests, classical agriculture techniques reach their limits. OBJECTIVE:We summarize the impact of modern “omics” technologies on modern grapevine breeding and cultivation, as well as for dealing with challenges in viniculture caused by environmental or terroir changes and pests and diseases. In this review, we give an overview on current research on the influence of “omics” technologies on modern viticulture. RESULTS:Considerable advances in bioinformatics and analytical techniques such as next generation sequencing or mass spectrometry fueled new molecular biological studies. Modern “omics” technologies such as “genomics”, “transcriptomics”, “proteomics” and “metabolomics” allow the investigation on a large-scale data basis and the identification of key markers. Holistic understanding of genes, proteins and metabolites in combination with external biotic and abiotic factors improves vine and wine quality. CONCLUSION:The rapid evolution in wine quality was only enabled by the progress of modern biotechnological methods developing enology from a handcraft to science.

中文翻译：

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“组学”技术对葡萄（Vitis vinifera）研究的影响

背景：葡萄藤（Vitis vinifera L.）是酿酒的基础，是现代农业中最重要的经济植物之一。随着环境，风土和害虫的变化，葡萄栽培的需求不断增加，古典农业技术已达到其极限。目的：我们总结了现代“组学”技术对现代葡萄育种和栽培的影响，以及应对环境或风土变化以及病虫害引起的葡萄栽培挑战的影响。在这篇综述中，我们概述了有关“组学”技术对现代葡萄栽培的影响的最新研究。结果：生物信息学和分析技术的重大进步，例如下一代测序或质谱技术，推动了新的分子生物学研究。现代“组学”技术，例如“基因组学”，“转录组学”，“蛋白质组学”和“代谢组学”允许在大规模数据基础上进行研究并鉴定关键标记。对基因，蛋白质和代谢产物以及外部生物和非生物因素的全面理解可以改善葡萄和葡萄酒的品质。结论：葡萄酒质量的快速发展只有通过现代生物技术方法的发展才能将酿酒学从手工业发展为科学。