The production of chemicals and fuels via chemical reduction of CO₂ by green H₂ represents a promising means of mitigating CO₂ emissions. The heterogeneous catalytic reaction of CO₂ and H₂ under atmospheric pressure primarily produces CO and CH₄, while CH₃OH and C₂₊ hydrocarbons are obtained at high pressure. Improving the catalytic selectivity improves the energy efficiency for a given yield and greatly reduces the downstream separation costs. In this work, we review the recent progress in tuning the selectivity of CO₂ hydrogenation over heterogeneous catalysts at atmospheric pressure. We describe fundamental insights into the relationships among the electronic properties of active metals, the binding strengths of key intermediates, and the CO₂ hydrogenation selectivity. The manipulation of the electronic properties, and consequently the product selectivity, can be achieved mainly by controlling the particle size, bimetallic effects, and strong metal–support interactions. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for the rational design of CO₂ hydrogenation catalysts with high activity and desired selectivity.

中文翻译：

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大气压下在非均相催化剂上进行CO2加氢：从电子性质到产物选择性

生产化学品和燃料的通过化学还原的CO ₂由绿ħ ₂表示减轻CO的有希望的手段₂的排放量。在大气压下，CO ₂和H ₂的非均相催化反应主要产生CO和CH ₄，而在高压下获得CH ₃ OH和C ₂₊烃。对于给定的产率，提高催化选择性提高了能量效率，并大大降低了下游分离成本。在这项工作中，我们回顾了在调整CO ₂选择性方面的最新进展在大气压下在非均相催化剂上氢化。我们描述了有关活性金属的电子性能，关键中间体的结合强度和CO ₂氢化选择性之间关系的基本见解。可以通过控制粒径，双金属效应和强金属-载体相互作用来实现对电子性能以及产物选择性的操纵。最后，我们讨论了合理设计具有高活性和所需选择性的CO ₂加氢催化剂的挑战和机遇。