With an aim to develop more effective and affordable anticancer agents possessing a unique mechanism of action, we designed and synthesized derivatives of spirooxindole-pyrrolidine heterocyclic hybrids in good yields through a one-pot three-component (3+2) cycloaddition strategy. The synthesized compounds were characterized thoroughly for the physicochemical properties by making use of FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Further, these compounds have been evaluated for the influence of anticancer activity against HepG2 cells up to 200 µg/mL concentration. The highly active molecular scaffold was tested for the in-depth mechanistic studies, and it was found that the major pathway of cell death is apoptosis which occurs through the induction of reactive oxygen species followed by the involvement of caspases.

中文翻译：

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一锅三组分合成及高官能化螺吲哚-吡咯烷杂环杂化物体外抗癌活性研究

为了开发具有独特作用机制的更有效且价格合理的抗癌剂，我们通过一锅三组分 (3+2) 环加成策略以良好的收率设计并合成了螺羟吲哚-吡咯烷杂环杂化物的衍生物。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振光谱和质谱对合成化合物的理化性质进行了彻底的表征。此外，还评估了这些化合物对浓度高达 200 µg/mL 的 HepG2 细胞的抗癌活性的影响。对高活性分子支架进行了深入的机理研究，发现细胞死亡的主要途径是细胞凋亡，细胞凋亡是通过诱导活性氧并随后参与半胱天冬酶而发生的。