Vessel noise is an acute and chronic stressor of a wide variety of marine fauna. Understanding, modelling and mitigating the impacts of this pollutant requires quantification of acoustic signatures for various vessel classes for input into propagation models and at present there is a paucity of such data for small vessels (<25 m). Our study provides this information for three small vessels (<6 m length and 30, 90 and 180 hp engines). The closest point of approach was recorded at various ranges across a flat, ≈10 m deep sandy lagoon, for multiple passes at multiple speeds (≈5, 10, 20, 30 km h⁻¹) by each vessel at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Radiated noise levels (RNLs) and environment-affected source levels (ASLs) determined by linear regression were estimated for each vessel and speed. From the slowest to fastest speeds, median RNLs ranged between 153.4 and 166.1 dB re 1 µPa m, whereas ASLs ranged from 146.7 to 160.0 dB re 1 µPa m. One-third octave band-level RNLs are provided for each vessel–speed scenario, together with their interpolated received levels with range. Our study provides data on source spectra of small vessels to assist in understanding and modelling of acoustic exposure experienced by marine fauna.

中文翻译：

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小型研究船的声学特性

船只噪声是各种海洋动物的急性和慢性应激源。要了解，建模和减轻这种污染物的影响，需要对各种船只类别的声学特征进行量化，以将其输入到传播模型中，目前，对于小型船只（<25 m），此类数据很少。我们的研究为三艘小型船只（长度小于6 m以及30、90和180 hp发动机）提供了此信息。在接近10 m深的平坦沙质泻湖的不同范围内记录了最接近的进近点，以多种速度多次通过（≈5、10、20、30 km h ^-1）由澳大利亚大堡礁蜥蜴岛的每艘船只。通过线性回归确定了每艘船舶和航速的辐射噪声水平（RNL）和受环境影响的源水平（ASL）。从最低速度到最快速度，RNL的中值范围为153.4至166.1 dB re 1 µPa m，而ASL的范围为146.7至160.0 dB re 1 µPa m。为每种船速情况提供了三分之一倍频带范围的RNL，以及它们随距离的内插接收电平。我们的研究提供了有关小血管源光谱的数据，以帮助理解和建模海洋动物所经历的声暴露。