Despite the abundance of charcoal material entrapped in soils, they remain relatively less studied pyrogenic archives in comparison to the sedimentary paleofire records (e.g., lacustrine and peat deposits), and that is especially the case in most of Russia’s territory. We report here on the deep soil archives of the Holocene forest fires from the Pinega District of the Arkhangelsk region (64.747° N, 43.387° E). Series of buried soil profiles separated by charcoal layers and clusters were revealed in specific geomorphological traps represented by the active and paleokarst subsidence sinkholes on sulfate rocks overlaid by glacial and fluvial deposits. We combine the study of soil morphology and stratigraphy with a set of radiocarbon data on charcoal and soil organic matter, as well as the anthracomass analysis, to extract a set of paleoenvironmental data. A total of 45 radiocarbon dates were obtained for the macrocharcoal material and the soil organic matter. The maximum temporal “depth” of archives estimated from the radiocarbon dating of macrocharcoal reached 10,260 ± 35 cal yr BP. Soil formation with Podzols established at the inter-pyrogenic stages repeatedly reproduced within the period of ten thousand years, while the dominant tree species was Pinus sp. According to the macrocharcoal data, the intervals between fires have shortened in the last thousand years. Dendrochronological estimates suggest the occurrence of fires in almost every decade of the 20th and early 21st centuries. This is the first study of the millennia-scale soil record of forest fires in this particular region of Russia.

中文翻译：

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喀斯特污水池的土壤记录了欧洲北部俄罗斯局部森林大火的全新世历史

尽管有大量的木炭残留在土壤中，但与沉积古火记录（例如湖相和泥炭沉积）相比，它们的热解档案仍相对较少研究，尤其是在俄罗斯大部分地区。我们在此报告了阿尔汉格尔斯克州Pinega区（64.747°N，43.387°E）全新世森林火灾的深层土壤档案。在由冰川和河流沉积物覆盖的硫酸盐岩石上的活动和古岩溶沉陷坑所代表的特定地貌圈闭中，揭示了一系列被木炭层和团簇隔开的地下土壤剖面。我们将土壤形态学和地层学研究与一组有关木炭和土壤有机质的放射性碳数据以及炭疽病分析相结合，提取一组古环境数据。总共获得了45种放射性碳数据，用于分析大型炭材料和土壤有机质。根据大型木炭的放射性碳年代估算，档案的最大时间“深度”达到BP 10,260±35 cal。在热原间阶段建立的Podzols的土壤形成在一万年的时间内反复繁殖，而优势树种是松属 根据大型木炭数据，最近一千年来，大火之间的间隔缩短了。树木年代学估计表明，在20世纪和21世纪初的几乎每十年，都会发生火灾。这是对俄罗斯这个特定地区的森林大火的千年规模土壤记录的首次研究。