The screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), was successfully eradicated from the United States by the sterile insect technique (SIT). However, recent detection of these flies in the Florida Keys, and increased risk of introductions to the other areas warrant novel tools for management of the flies. Surveillance, a key component of screwworm control programs, utilizes traps baited with rotting liver or a blend of synthetic chemicals such as swormlure-4. In this work, we evaluated the olfactory physiology of the screwworm fly and compared it with the non-obligate ectoparasitic secondary screwworm flies, C. macellaria, that invade necrotic wound and feed on dead tissue. These two species occur in geographically overlapping regions. C. macellaria, along with other blowflies such as the exotic C. megacephala, greatly outnumber C. hominivorax in the existing monitoring traps. Olfactory responses to swormlure-4 constituents between sex and mating status (mated vs unmated) in both species were recorded and compared. Overall, responses measured by the antennograms offered insights into the comparative olfactory physiology of the two fly species. We also present detailed analyses of the antennal transcriptome by RNA-Sequencing that reveal significant differences between male and female screwworm flies. The differential expression patterns were confirmed by quantitative PCR. Taken together, this integrated study provides insights into the physiological and molecular correlates of the screwworm’s attraction to wounds, and identifies molecular targets that will aid in the development of odorant-based fly management strategies.

螺旋虫蝇Cochliomyia hominivorax（Coquerel）是通过不育昆虫技术（SIT）从美国成功根除的。但是，最近在佛罗里达礁岛群中发现了这些果蝇，并增加了将其引入其他地区的风险，因此需要新颖的工具来管理果蝇。监视是蠕虫控制程序的重要组成部分，它利用诱捕腐烂的肝脏或合成化学物质（例如swormlure-4）的混合物诱捕陷阱。在这项工作中，我们评估了screw蝇的嗅觉生理，并将其与侵入坏死伤口并以死组织为食的非专性外寄生次级screw蝇C. macellaria进行了比较。这两个物种发生在地理上重叠的区域。C. macellaria，与其他丽蝇如外来沿着大头金蝇，数量大大超过C. hominivorax在现有的监视陷阱。对swormlure-4的嗅觉反应记录并比较了两个物种的性别与交配状态（交配与未交配）之间的成分。总体而言，由触角图测量的响应提供了对这两种蝇类的比较嗅觉生理的见解。我们还介绍了RNA测序对触角转录组的详细分析，揭示了雄性和雌性螺旋蝇之间的显着差异。通过定量PCR确认差异表达模式。综上所述，这项综合研究提供了关于螺旋虫吸引伤口的生理和分子相关性的见解，并确定了有助于开发基于加味剂的苍蝇管理策略的分子靶标。