Supplementation of cattle diets with n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can improve reproductive efficiency. Conversely, short-term fluctuations in feed supply can impact pregnancy establishment. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of (1) dietary supplementation with n-3-PUFA and (2) post-insemination plane of nutrition on the endometrial transcriptome. Beef crossbred heifers were offered concentrate based diets fortified with n-3-PUFA (PUFA; n = 32) or not (CONT; n = 28) for 30 days prior to breeding at a synchronised oestrous. Following artificial insemination, heifers were allocated within treatment to either a high or low plane of nutrition. Heifers were maintained on these diets for 16 days following which endometrial tissue was harvested at slaughter for subsequent RNAseq analysis. The influence of pregnancy status on the endomentrial transcriptome, within each dietary treatment group, was also examined. Post-insemination diet affected (P < 0.05) the endometrial transcriptome. Specifically, within n-3-PUFA-supplemented heifers, genes involved in embryonic development and mTOR signalling pathways, important in pregnancy establishment, were identified as differentially expressed. Results indicate that dietary supplementation of cattle diets with n-3-PUFA may have a positive effect on the expression of key fertility-related genes and pathways, during the critical window of maternal recognition of pregnancy, particularly where animals are underfed.

牛日粮中添加n-3-多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）可以提高生殖效率。相反，饲料供应的短期波动会影响妊娠的建立。这项研究的目的是检查（1）补充n-3- PUFA的饮食和（2）授精后营养平面对子宫内膜转录组的影响。向牛肉杂交小母牛提供以n-3强化的浓缩饲料-PUFA（PUFA; n = 32）或否（CONT; n = 28）持续30天，然后在同步雌雄上繁殖。人工授精后，在处理过程中将小母牛分配给营养的高低平面。在这些饮食中将小母牛维持16天，然后在屠宰后收获子宫内膜组织用于随后的RNAseq分析。在每个饮食治疗组中，还检查了怀孕状态对内膜转录组的影响。授精后饮食影响 子宫内膜转录组（P <0.05）。具体来说，在n-3-经PUFA补充的小母牛，与胚胎发育和mTOR信号通路有关的基因（对怀孕的建立很重要）被鉴定为差异表达。结果表明，在母体识别怀孕的关键时期，尤其是动物不足的情况下，用n-3- PUFA补充牛日粮可能对关键与生育力相关的基因和途径的表达具有积极影响。