Design fixation refers to the unintentional repetition of design features from one's own earlier concepts or other available examples during design ideation. Since a wide range of ideas is expected at the ideation stage, design fixation is considered as a hindrance. Extending the prior work on design fixation and ideation, this paper explores the influence of three different factors on design fixation: (1) familiarity with the example features, (2) presence of simple warnings, and (3) a simple build-and-test activity. Engineering students, distributed across four experimental conditions, participated in a three-week-long design project. Their target was to design, build, and successfully demonstrate a LEGO vehicle for performing a few simple stunts. Photographs of their initial and final designs were used as the data for analysis. The results showed that the familiarity with example features increases fixation to those features. Warnings were not successful in mitigating the fixation on familiar features, but warnings were effective for relatively unfamiliar ones. Further, the build-and-test activity allowed the students to understand the disadvantages of their designs caused by design fixation and to mitigate it to a significant extent. This activity also allowed them to learn from their mistakes and create more effective final designs.

中文翻译：

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实例设计：熟悉度、警告和物理建模的作用研究

设计固定是指在设计构思过程中无意中从自己的早期概念或其他可用示例中重复设计特征。由于在构思阶段预期会有广泛的想法，因此设计固定被认为是一种障碍。扩展先前关于设计固定和构思的工作，本文探讨了三个不同因素对设计固定的影响：(1) 熟悉示例特征，(2) 存在简单警告，以及 (3) 简单的构建和-测试活动。工程专业的学生分布在四个实验条件下，参与了一个为期三周的设计项目。他们的目标是设计、建造并成功演示用于执行一些简单特技的乐高汽车。他们最初和最终设计的照片被用作分析数据。结果表明，对示例特征的熟悉会增加对这些特征的关注。警告不能成功地减轻对熟悉特征的关注，但警告对于相对不熟悉的特征是有效的。此外，构建和测试活动使学生能够理解设计固定所造成的设计缺陷，并在很大程度上减轻它。这项活动还使他们能够从错误中吸取教训，并创造出更有效的最终设计。构建和测试活动让学生们了解了设计固定所造成的设计缺陷，并在很大程度上减轻了它的影响。这项活动还使他们能够从错误中吸取教训，并创造出更有效的最终设计。构建和测试活动让学生们了解了设计固定所造成的设计缺陷，并在很大程度上减轻了它的影响。这项活动还使他们能够从错误中吸取教训，并创造出更有效的最终设计。