ABSTRACT

Background: Sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy and are associated with the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Personal health monitors (PHM) can facilitate change in health behaviors, though few studies have examined their use in improving sleep during pregnancy. This pilot study aimed to characterize sleep changes during pregnancy in women participating in a self-management intervention using a PHM.

Participants/Methods: Participants with low risk, singleton pregnancies from Western Massachusetts were randomized at 24 weeks gestation to receive sleep education only (n = 12) or sleep education, and PHM intervention (n = 12). The single-session sleep education was given at baseline by a registered nurse. Sleep quality, duration, efficiency, disturbances, daytime sleepiness, and fatigue were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks follow-up using questionnaires. We described mean ± standard deviation within and between-group changes in each sleep outcome from baseline to 12 weeks follow-up.

Results: The PHM arm experienced larger sleep quality improvements and daytime sleepiness than the sleep-education only arm, but the differences were not statistically significant. In the PHM arm, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score decreased (i.e., sleep quality increased) 1.22 ± 2.39 (p = .16), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score decreased (i.e., daytime sleepiness decreased) 1.11 ± 2.08 (p = .15). In the sleep-education arm PSQI decreased 0.57 ± 2.37 (p = .55) and ESS decreased 1.29 ± 2.93 (p = .29). Neither group experienced statistically significant changes in sleep duration, efficiency, disturbances, or fatigue.

Conclusion: Sleep education with PHM may improve or prevent decreases in sleep outcomes during pregnancy. Further investigation in larger trials is warranted.

摘要

背景：睡眠障碍在怀孕期间很常见，并且与不良妊娠结局的发展有关。个人健康监测器 (PHM) 可以促进健康行为的改变，尽管很少有研究检查它们在改善怀孕期间睡眠方面的用途。这项试点研究旨在描述使用 PHM 参与自我管理干预的女性在怀孕期间的睡眠变化。

参与者/方法：来自马萨诸塞州西部的低风险单胎妊娠参与者在妊娠 24 周时被随机分配接受睡眠教育（n = 12）或睡眠教育和 PHM 干预（n = 12）。单次睡眠教育由一名注册护士在基线时进行。使用问卷在基线和 12 周随访时评估睡眠质量、持续时间、效率、干扰、白天嗜睡和疲劳。我们描述了从基线到 12 周随访期间每个睡眠结果的组内和组间变化的平均值 ± 标准差。

结果： PHM 组的睡眠质量改善和白天嗜睡比仅进行睡眠教育的组更大，但差异无统计学意义。在 PHM 组中，匹兹堡睡眠质量指数 (PSQI) 评分下降（即睡眠质量提高）1.22 ± 2.39 ( p = .16)，Epworth 嗜睡量表 (ESS) 评分下降（即白天嗜睡下降）1.11 ± 2.08 ( p = .15)。在睡眠教育组中，PSQI 下降 0.57 ± 2.37 ( p = .55)，ESS 下降 1.29 ± 2.93 ( p = .29)。两组都没有在睡眠时间、效率、干扰或疲劳方面发生统计学上的显着变化。

结论：使用 PHM 进行睡眠教育可以改善或预防怀孕期间睡眠结果的下降。有必要在更大规模的试验中进行进一步调查。