Not only do Adipocytes have energy storage and endocrine functions, but they also play an immunological role. Adipocytes are involved in adaptive immunity to mediate the pathological processes of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune syndromes. The adaptive immune response consists of T cell-mediated cellular immunity and B cell-mediated humoral immunity. Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4⁺ T cells. In addition, various adipokines secreted by adipocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. Adipokines are also involved in B cell generation, development, activation, and antibody production. Therefore, adipocytes play an important role in B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. This review describes how adipocytes participate in adaptive immunity from the perspective of T cells and B cells, and discusses their role in the pathogenesis of various diseases.

脂肪细胞不仅具有能量储存和内分泌功能，而且还具有免疫学作用。脂肪细胞参与适应性免疫，介导多种慢性炎症性疾病和自身免疫综合征的病理过程。适应性免疫反应包括 T 细胞介导的细胞免疫和 B 细胞介导的体液免疫。肥胖脂肪细胞过度表达 MHC II 类分子和共刺激物作为抗原呈递细胞 (APC) 并促进 CD4 ⁺的活化T细胞。此外，脂肪细胞分泌的各种脂肪因子调节T细胞的增殖和分化。脂肪因子也参与 B 细胞的产生、发育、激活和抗体产生。因此，脂肪细胞在 B 细胞介导的适应性免疫中起重要作用。本综述从T细胞和B细胞的角度描述了脂肪细胞如何参与适应性免疫，并讨论了它们在各种疾病发病机制中的作用。