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Heterochrony and growth rate variation mediate the development of divergent genital morphologies in closely related Ohomopterus ground beetles
Evolution and Development ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 , DOI: 10.1111/ede.12360 Karen Terada 1 , Taira Nishimura 1 , Akihiro Hirayama 2 , Yasuoki Takami 1
Evolution and Development ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 , DOI: 10.1111/ede.12360 Karen Terada 1 , Taira Nishimura 1 , Akihiro Hirayama 2 , Yasuoki Takami 1
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The rapid divergence of genital morphology is well studied in the context of sexual selection and speciation; however, little is known about the developmental mechanisms underlying divergence in genitalia. Ground beetles in the subgenus Ohomopterus genus Carabus have species‐specific genitalia that show coevolutionary divergence between the sexes. In this study, using X‐ray microcomputed tomography, we examined the morphogenesis of male and female genitalia in two closely related Ohomopterus species with divergent genital morphologies. The morphogenetic processes generating the male and female genitalia at the pupal stage were qualitatively similar in the two species. The male aedeagus and internal sac and female bursa copulatrix were partially formed at pupation and developed gradually thereafter. The species‐specific genital parts, male copulatory piece, and female vaginal appendix differed in the timing and rate of development. The relatively long copulatory piece of Carabus maiyasanus began to develop earlier, but subsequent rates of growth were similar in the two species. The timing of the formation of the vaginal appendix and initial growth rates were similar, but subsequent rapid growth led to a longer vaginal appendix in C. maiyasanus. Thus, substantial interspecific differences in the size of genital parts were mediated by different underlying developmental mechanisms between the sexes (i.e., a shift in the developmental schedule in males and a change in growth rate in females). These results revealed the spatio–temporal dynamics of species‐specific genital structure development, providing a novel platform for evo–devo studies of the diversification of genital morphologies.
中文翻译：
异时性和生长速率变化介导密切相关的 Ohomopterus 地面甲虫的不同生殖器形态的发展
在性选择和物种形成的背景下，对生殖器形态的快速分化进行了深入研究；然而，人们对生殖器分化背后的发育机制知之甚少。Ohomopterus属Carabus亚属的地面甲虫具有物种特异性的生殖器，显示出两性之间的共同进化差异。在这项研究中，我们使用 X 射线微计算机断层扫描，检查了两种密切相关的 Ohomopterus的雄性和雌性生殖器的形态发生。具有不同生殖器形态的物种。在蛹期产生雄性和雌性生殖器的形态发生过程在这两个物种中在性质上相似。雄性伊蚊、内囊和雌性交结囊在化蛹时部分形成，之后逐渐发育。物种特异性生殖器部位、雄性交配器和雌性阴道阑尾的发育时间和速度不同。Carabus maiyasanus相对较长的交配部分开始较早发育，但随后的生长速度在这两个物种中相似。阴道阑尾形成的时间和初始生长速度相似，但随后的快速生长导致C. maiyasanus的阴道阑尾更长. 因此，生殖器部分大小的显着种间差异是由两性之间不同的潜在发育机制介导的（即男性发育时间表的变化和女性生长速度的变化）。这些结果揭示了物种特异性生殖器结构发育的时空动态，为生殖器形态多样化的进化研究提供了一个新平台。
更新日期：2021-01-05
中文翻译：
异时性和生长速率变化介导密切相关的 Ohomopterus 地面甲虫的不同生殖器形态的发展
在性选择和物种形成的背景下，对生殖器形态的快速分化进行了深入研究；然而，人们对生殖器分化背后的发育机制知之甚少。Ohomopterus属Carabus亚属的地面甲虫具有物种特异性的生殖器，显示出两性之间的共同进化差异。在这项研究中，我们使用 X 射线微计算机断层扫描，检查了两种密切相关的 Ohomopterus的雄性和雌性生殖器的形态发生。具有不同生殖器形态的物种。在蛹期产生雄性和雌性生殖器的形态发生过程在这两个物种中在性质上相似。雄性伊蚊、内囊和雌性交结囊在化蛹时部分形成，之后逐渐发育。物种特异性生殖器部位、雄性交配器和雌性阴道阑尾的发育时间和速度不同。Carabus maiyasanus相对较长的交配部分开始较早发育，但随后的生长速度在这两个物种中相似。阴道阑尾形成的时间和初始生长速度相似，但随后的快速生长导致C. maiyasanus的阴道阑尾更长. 因此，生殖器部分大小的显着种间差异是由两性之间不同的潜在发育机制介导的（即男性发育时间表的变化和女性生长速度的变化）。这些结果揭示了物种特异性生殖器结构发育的时空动态，为生殖器形态多样化的进化研究提供了一个新平台。
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