Drought and water shortages have always been great challenges for agricultural production in the North China Plain. To explore appropriate irrigation regimes and planting patterns in this area, a field experiment was conducted for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 2014 to 2016. Three irrigation treatments of 50 mm irrigation at growth stage of jointing (GS34) and heading (GS48, W1), 100 mm irrigation at GS34 (W2) and 100 mm irrigation at GS34 and GS48 (W3) combined with uniform (U), double–double (DD) and furrow-ridge (F) planting patterns were designed. The tillers number, leaf water status, spike characteristics and radiation use efficiency (RUE) were measured. Results showed that compared with W2, W3 significantly reduced leaf abscisic acid (ABA) content and increased tillers number, spikelets spike⁻¹, yield components and RUE, while W1 produced more tillers number, leaf relative water content (LRWC) and water potential (Lψ) only in the late growth stage, yield components and RUE. The DD significantly increased tillers number, LRWC, Lψ, leaf osmotic potential, spike length, spikes m⁻², grains spike⁻¹ and RUE, and reduced the ABA content compared with U. Considering the serious water shortage in the North China Plain, 50 mm irrigation at jointing and heading stages combined with DD is a worthy cultivation measure for sustainable agriculture at water-deficit condition.

中文翻译：

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亏水灌溉方式和种植方式对冬小麦叶片水分状况和辐射利用效率的影响

干旱和缺水一直是华北平原农业生产的巨大挑战。为了探索该地区合适的灌溉方式和播种方式，从2014年至2016年对冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）进行了田间试验。在拔节期（GS34）和抽穗期（GS48）进行50 mm灌溉的三种灌溉处理，W1），设计了GS34（W2）的100 mm灌溉和GS34和GS48（W3）的100 mm灌溉，并结合了均匀（U），双倍（DD）和and垄（F）种植模式。测量了分ers数，叶片水分状况，穗状花序特征和辐射利用效率（RUE）。结果表明，与W2相比，W3显着降低了叶片脱落酸（ABA）的含量并增加了分number数，小穗穗^-1，产量成分和RUE，而W1仅在生育后期才产生更多的分till数，叶片相对含水量（LRWC）和水势（Lψ），产量成分和RUE。与U相比，DD显着增加了分ers数，LRWC，Lψ，叶片渗透势，穗长，穗m ^-2，谷粒穗^-1和RUE，并降低了ABA含量。考虑到华北平原严重缺水，在拔节和抽穗期结合DD进行50毫米灌溉是在缺水条件下可持续农业的一项有价值的耕作措施。