DNA adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Enzymatic mark or a form of DNA damage?,BioEssays

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DNA adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Enzymatic mark or a form of DNA damage?
BioEssays ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 , DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000243
Matthias Bochtler _{1,

2} , Humberto Fernandes ₂

Affiliation

6‐methyladenine (6mA) is fairly abundant in nuclear DNA of basal fungi, ciliates and green algae. In these organisms, 6mA is maintained near transcription start sites in ApT context by a parental‐strand instruction dependent maintenance methyltransferase and is positively associated with transcription. In animals and plants, 6mA levels are high only in organellar DNA. The 6mA levels in nuclear DNA are very low. They are attributable to nucleotide salvage and the activity of otherwise mitochondrial METTL4, and may be considered as a price that cells pay for adenine methylation in RNA and/or organellar DNA. Cells minimize this price by sanitizing dNTP pools to limit 6mA incorporation, and by converting 6mA that has been incorporated into DNA back to adenine. Hence, 6mA in nuclear DNA should be described as an epigenetic mark only in basal fungi, ciliates and green algae, but not in animals and plants.

中文翻译：

真核生物中的 DNA 腺嘌呤甲基化：酶标记还是 DNA 损伤的一种形式？

6-甲基腺嘌呤 (6mA) 在基础真菌、纤毛虫和绿藻的核 DNA 中相当丰富。在这些生物体中，6mA 通过亲本链指令依赖性维持甲基转移酶维持在 ApT 环境中的转录起始位点附近，并且与转录呈正相关。在动物和植物中，6mA 水平仅在细胞器 DNA 中较高。核 DNA 中的 6mA 水平非常低。它们归因于核苷酸补救和其他线粒体 METTL4 的活性，并且可以被认为是细胞为 RNA 和/或细胞器 DNA 中的腺嘌呤甲基化付出的代价。细胞通过对 dNTP 池进行消毒以限制 6mA 的掺入，并将已掺入 DNA 的 6mA 转换回腺嘌呤，从而将这一价格降至最低。因此，核 DNA 中的 6mA 应被描述为仅在基础真菌中的表观遗传标记，

更新日期：2020-11-27

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