Phytoparasitic nematodes are devastating pests that cause high yield losses in agriculture. A parasitic nematode injects effector molecules into root cells to manipulate the root cell processes. In response, plants activate their immune response against nematodes infection by recognizing the invasion through several different and complementary systems. Genomic techniques have identified putative nematode effector molecules that alter plant cell biology and induce giant cell formation. The nematode effector molecules are identified by plant cell surface recognition receptors, which cause pattern-triggered immunity. Plants recognize damage to a root cell caused by a nematode stylet with a set of molecules identified as a pattern of damage-associated gene expression. The plant immune response to parasitic nematodes includes defense genes activation, signal transduction, etc. In this review, we emphasize the role of nematode molecular effectors in parasitizing roots. We summarize the mechanisms of infection, signal transduction pathways implicated, and the elicited plant immune response.

植物寄生线虫是毁灭性的害虫，在农业中造成高产损失。寄生线虫将效应分子注入根细胞以操纵根细胞过程。作为响应，植物通过识别通过几种不同和互补系统的入侵来激活其针对线虫感染的免疫反应。基因组学技术已经确定了可能改变植物细胞生物学并诱导巨细胞形成的线虫效应分子。线虫效应分子是由植物细胞表面识别受体识别的，这些受体会引起模式触发的免疫力。植物识别出由线虫探针引起的对根细胞的损害，线虫探针具有一组被鉴定为与损害相关的基因表达模式的分子。植物对寄生线虫的免疫反应包括防御基因激活，信号转导等。在这篇综述中，我们强调线虫分子效应子在寄生根中的作用。我们总结了感染的机制，牵连的信号转导途径和引发的植物免疫反应。