Conjugated rod-rod block copolymers (BCPs) have attracted considerable attention during the past decade as they possess both the interesting microphase-separated characteristics of BCPs and the excellent optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers. As a consequence, impressive advances in conjugated rod-rod BCPs have been achieved both as model systems for systematic research on their crystallization and microphase separation and as promising materials for optoelectronic applications. After a brief overview of the phase behavior of coil-coil, rod-coil, and rod-rod BCPs and charge transport mechanism in conjugated polymers, we highlight recent developments in conjugated polythiophene-based rod-rod BCPs focusing on understanding and manipulating their crystalline structures and morphologies as well as their applications in organic photovoltaics and field-effect transistors. Finally, an outlook on the future of conjugated rod-rod BCPs is provided.

共轭杆-杆嵌段共聚物（BCP）在过去十年中引起了相当大的关注，因为它们既具有有趣的BCP的微相分离特性，又具有共轭聚合物的出色光电性能。结果，共轭棒-棒型BCP的令人瞩目的进步，既是对其结晶和微相分离进行系统研究的模型系统，又是光电子应用的有希望的材料。简要概述了线圈-线圈，棒-线圈和棒-棒BCP的相行为以及共轭聚合物中的电荷传输机制后，我们重点介绍了基于共轭聚噻吩的棒-棒BCP的最新发展，重点是了解和操纵其晶体结构和形态，以及它们在有机光伏和场效应晶体管中的应用。最后，提供了共轭杆-杆式BCP的未来展望。