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Intumescent flame retardant behavior of triazine group and ammonium polyphosphate in waterborne polyurethane
Polymer Degradation and Stability ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109439
Mengjie Cui , Jing Li , Dianbin Qin , Jiakuan Sun , Yi Chen , Jun Xiang , Jun Yan , Haojun Fan

In this work, a novel triazine-based flame retardant, namely (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5- triazine)-2-methyl-propane-1,3-diol (TMPD) was synthesized and used as a chain extender to prepare flame retardant waterborne polyurethane (FRWPU). The structure of TMPD was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). To enhance the flame retardancy, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was simultaneously introduced into FRWPU, and the synergistic flame retardant effects of both TMPD and APP were investigated in detail via the limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test, cone calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Compared with pure waterborne polyurethane (WPU), the flame retardancy of FRWPU with different TMPD loadings were all found to be increased, and LOI an value of 27 % and a UL-94 V-0 rating were attained when 5 wt% APP and 6 wt% TMPD were employed (APP/FRWPU-6). Moreover, the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR), total heat release (THR), and peak of smoke production rate (pk-SPR) of APP/FRWPU-6 were respectively found to be decreased by 43 %, 10 %, and 24 % compared with APP/WPU (with 5 wt% APP), respectively, thereby exhibiting an obvious synergistic flame retardant effect. In addition, the char residues of TMPD and APP in WPU after the cone calorimetry test were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the results indicate that the combination of TMPD and APP can form a more compact and graphitized char layer and a nitrogen-containing gas isolation layer. Moreover, it can produce PO• radicals in the flame that combine with H• and OH• radicals. These factors are all believed to shield the underlying polyurethane from the further influence of heat flux. Therefore, this work presents a novel and efficient method by which to form FRWPU.



中文翻译:

三嗪基和聚磷酸铵在水性聚氨酯中的膨胀阻燃行为

在这项工作中,合成了一种新型的基于三嗪的阻燃剂,即(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪)-2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二醇(TMPD),并用作链用于制备阻燃水性聚氨酯(FRWPU)的填充剂。TMPD的结构通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),质子核磁共振(11 H NMR)和质谱(MS)。为了提高阻燃性,同时将多磷酸铵(APP)引入FRWPU中,并通过有限氧指数(LOI),垂直燃烧试验,锥形量热法和热重分析详细研究了TMPD和APP的协同阻燃作用。分析(TG)。与纯水性聚氨酯(WPU)相比,发现不同TMPD含量的FRWPU的阻燃性均得到提高,当APP含量为5 wt%和6时,LOI值为27%,UL-94 V-0等级使用重量百分比的TMPD(APP / FRWPU-6)。此外,发现APP / FRWPU-6的峰值放热率(pk-HRR),总放热(THR)和冒烟率(pk-SPR)分别降低了43%,10%,和APP / WPU(含5 wt%APP)相比分别为24%和24%从而表现出明显的协同阻燃作用。此外,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),能量色散光谱(EDS),激光拉曼光谱(LRS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了锥形量热法测试后WPU中TMPD和APP的残炭。 ,结果表明,TMPD和APP的组合可以形成更致密和石墨化的炭层和含氮气体隔离层。而且,它可以在火焰中产生与H•和OH•自由基结合的PO•自由基。这些因素都被认为可以保护下面的聚氨酯免受热通量的进一步影响。因此,这项工作提出了一种新颖有效的方法来形成FRWPU。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),能量色散光谱(EDS),激光拉曼光谱(LRS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对锥形量热法测试后的WPU中TMPD和APP的残留物进行了研究。结果表明,TMPD和APP的组合可以形成更致密和石墨化的炭层和含氮气体隔离层。而且,它可以在火焰中产生与H•和OH•自由基结合的PO•自由基。这些因素都被认为可以保护下面的聚氨酯免受热通量的进一步影响。因此,这项工作提出了一种新颖有效的方法来形成FRWPU。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),能量色散光谱(EDS),激光拉曼光谱(LRS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对锥形量热法测试后的WPU中TMPD和APP的残留物进行了研究。结果表明,TMPD和APP的组合可以形成更致密和石墨化的炭层和含氮气体隔离层。而且,它可以在火焰中产生与H•和OH•自由基结合的PO•自由基。这些因素都被认为可以保护下面的聚氨酯免受热通量的进一步影响。因此,这项工作提出了一种新颖有效的方法来形成FRWPU。激光拉曼光谱(LRS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS),结果表明TMPD和APP的组合可以形成更致密和石墨化的炭层和含氮气体隔离层。而且,它可以在火焰中产生与H•和OH•自由基结合的PO•自由基。这些因素都被认为可以保护下面的聚氨酯免受热通量的进一步影响。因此,这项工作提出了一种新颖有效的方法来形成FRWPU。激光拉曼光谱(LRS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS),结果表明TMPD和APP的组合可以形成更致密和石墨化的炭层和含氮气体隔离层。而且,它可以在火焰中产生与H•和OH•自由基结合的PO•自由基。这些因素都被认为可以保护下面的聚氨酯免受热通量的进一步影响。因此,这项工作提出了一种新颖有效的方法来形成FRWPU。这些因素都被认为可以保护下面的聚氨酯免受热通量的进一步影响。因此,这项工作提出了一种新颖有效的方法来形成FRWPU。这些因素都被认为可以保护下面的聚氨酯免受热通量的进一步影响。因此,这项工作提出了一种新颖有效的方法来形成FRWPU。

更新日期:2020-12-04
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