Conventional sampling of biological fluids often involves a bulk quantity of samples that are tedious to collect, deliver and process. Miniaturized sampling approaches have emerged as promising tools for sample collection due to numerous advantages such as minute sample size, patient friendliness and ease of shipment. This article reviews the applications and advances of microsampling techniques in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), covering the period January 2015 – August 2020. As whole blood is the gold standard sampling matrix for TDM, this article comprehensively highlights the most historical microsampling technique, the dried blood spot (DBS), and its development. Advanced developments of DBS, ranging from various automation DBS, paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS), 3D dried blood spheroids and volumetric absorptive paper disc (VAPD) and mini-disc (VAPDmini) are discussed. The volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) approach, which overcomes the hematocrit effect associated with the DBS sample, has been employed in recent TDM. The sample collection and sample preparation details in DBS and VAMS are outlined and summarized. This review also delineates the involvement of other biological fluids (plasma, urine, breast milk and saliva) and their miniaturized dried matrix forms in TDM. Specific features and challenges of each microsampling technique are identified and comparison studies are reviewed.

常规的生物液体采样通常涉及大量的样本，这些样本难以收集，传送和处理。小型化的采样方法由于具有许多优点，例如微小的样本量，患者友好性和易于运输等优点，已经成为有希望的样本收集工具。本文回顾了微采样技术在治疗药物监测（TDM）中的应用和进展，涵盖了2015年1月至2020年8月。由于全血是TDM的金标准采样矩阵，本文全面强调了最古老的微采样技术，即：干血斑（DBS）及其发展。DBS的高级开发，包括各种自动化DBS，纸喷雾质谱（PS-MS），讨论了3D干血球体和容积吸收纸盘（VAPD）和小型碟片（VAPDmini）。体积吸收式微采样（VAMS）方法克服了与DBS样品相关的血细胞比容效应，最近已在TDM中采用。概述并总结了DBS和VAMS中的样品收集和样品制备详细信息。该评价还描述了其他生物流体（血浆，尿液，母乳和唾液）及其在TDM中的小型干燥基质形式的参与。确定了每种微量采样技术的特定特征和挑战，并审查了比较研究。概述并总结了DBS和VAMS中的样品收集和样品制备详细信息。该评价还描述了其他生物流体（血浆，尿液，母乳和唾液）及其在TDM中的小型干燥基质形式的参与。确定了每种微量采样技术的特定特征和挑战，并审查了比较研究。概述并总结了DBS和VAMS中的样品收集和样品制备详细信息。该评价还描述了其他生物流体（血浆，尿液，母乳和唾液）及其在TDM中的小型干燥基质形式的参与。确定了每种微量采样技术的特定特征和挑战，并审查了比较研究。