Bioenergy can contribute to achieving European Union (EU) climate targets while mitigating impacts from current agricultural land use. A GIS-based modeling framework (1000 m resolution) is employed to match biomass supply (forest and agricultural residues, complemented by lignocellulosic energy crops where needed) with biomass demand for either electricity or bio-oil production on sites currently used for coal power in the EU-28, Norway, and Switzerland. The framework matches supply and demand based on minimizing the field-to-gate costs and is used to provide geographically explicit information on (i) plant-gate supply cost; (ii) CO₂ savings; and (iii) potential mitigation opportunities for soil erosion, flooding, and eutrophication resulting from the introduction of energy crops on cropland.

Converting all suitable coal power plants to biomass and assuming that biomass is sourced within a transport distance of 300 km, would produce an estimated 150 TW h biomass-derived electricity, using 1365 PJ biomass, including biomass from energy crops grown on 6 Mha. Using all existing coal power sites for bio-oil production in 100-MW pyrolysis units could produce 820 PJ of bio-oil, using 1260 PJ biomass, including biomass from energy crops grown on 1.8 Mha. Using biomass to generate electricity would correspond to an emissions reduction of 135 MtCO₂, while using biomass to produce bio-oil to substitute for crude oil would correspond to a reduction of 59 MtCO₂. In addition, energy crops can have a positive effect on soil organic carbon in most of the analyzed countries. The mitigation opportunities investigated range from marginal to high depending on location.

生物能源可有助于实现欧盟（EU）的气候目标，同时减轻当前农业用地的影响。利用基于GIS的建模框架（分辨率为1000 m），将生物质供应（森林和农业残留物，必要时辅以木质纤维素能源作物）与当前用于煤炭发电的站点上的电力或生物油生产的生物质需求相匹配。欧盟28国，挪威和瑞士。该框架基于最小化现场到门的成本来匹配供需，并用于提供有关以下方面的地理上明确的信息：（i）工厂门的供应成本；（ii）节省二氧化碳₂；（iii）通过在农田上引入能源作物而潜在减轻土壤侵蚀，洪水和富营养化的机会。

将所有合适的燃煤电厂转换为生物质，并假设生物质来自300 km的运输距离，将使用1365 PJ生物质（包括来自6 Mha上种植的能源作物的生物质）产生估计150 TW h生物质衍生的电力。使用所有现有的燃煤电厂在100兆瓦的热解装置中生产生物油，可以利用1260 PJ生物量（包括生长在1.8 Mha上的能源作物的生物量）生产820 PJ生物油。使用生物质发电可以减少135 MtCO ₂的排放，而使用生物质生产生物油代替原油可以减少59 MtCO ₂的排放。。此外，在大多数被分析的国家，能源作物对土壤有机碳都有积极影响。根据位置的不同，所研究的缓解机会范围从很小到很大。