Abstract As a fiber crop and oil crop, cotton plays an important role in the economic development of northwest China, but the lack of appropriate field water and fertilizer management strategies has restricted the harmonious development of cotton industry and environment. Field experiments were implemented to explore the coupling effects of various drip irrigation and fertilizer levels on the dry matter, yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency of cotton. The three drip irrigation levels included 1.0 ETC (full irrigation), 0.8 ETC (20% deficit) and 0.6 ETC (40% deficit), where ETC is the crop evapotranspiration. The five fertilizer (N-P-K) levels were F1 (150–26.2–24.9 kg ha−1), F2 (200–34.9–33.2 kg ha−1), F3 (250–43.7–41.5 kg ha−1), F4 (300–52.4–49.8 kg ha−1) and F5 (350–61.1–58.1 kg ha−1). The results revealed that the seed cotton yield and lint yield showed increasing trends as the irrigation water amount increased at the same fertilizer level during 2012–2014. When full irrigation (1.0 ETC) was applied, the dry matter accumulation, seed cotton yield, N, P and K accumulation in plants and water productivity were the highest under F4 (300–52.4–49.8 kg ha−1) in 2012 and 2014. However, the lint yield was highest in 2012 and 2013 under F3 (250–43.7–41.5 kg ha−1). At the same irrigation level, N, P and K use efficiencies were higher at low fertilization rates than those at high fertilization rates in 2012 and 2013. Deficit irrigation and fertilization levels led to a severe decrease in cotton yield. N, P and K use efficiencies were low under F4. Comprehensively considering cotton yield, N, P and K uptake and use efficiency, the application of irrigation amount of 1.0 ETC and N-P-K rate of 250–43.7–41.5 kg ha−1 was the best drip fertigation strategy for cotton production in arid regions of northwest China.

中文翻译：

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优化水肥管理提高滴灌灌溉棉花产量、水、氮、磷、钾吸收利用效率

摘要 棉花作为纤维作物和油料作物，在西北地区经济发展中占有重要地位，但缺乏适宜的田间水肥管理策略，制约了棉花产业与环境的协调发展。通过田间试验，探讨不同滴灌施肥水平对棉花干物质、产量、水肥利用率的耦合效应。三个滴灌水平包括 1.0 ETC（全灌）、0.8 ETC（20% 亏缺）和 0.6 ETC（40% 亏缺），其中 ETC 是作物蒸散量。五种肥料 (NPK) 水平为 F1（150-26.2-24.9 kg ha-1）、F2（200-34.9-33.2 kg ha-1）、F3（250-43.7-41.5 kg ha-1）、F4（300 –52.4–49.8 kg ha-1) 和 F5 (350–61.1–58.1 kg ha-1)。结果表明，2012-2014年在同一施肥水平下，籽棉产量和皮棉产量均随着灌溉水量的增加而增加。2012 年和 2014 年，全灌溉（1.0 ETC）下，F4（300-52.4-49.8 kg ha-1）下的干物质积累量、籽棉产量、植株氮磷钾积累量和水分生产力最高. 然而，2012 年和 2013 年 F3 下的皮棉产量最高（250-43.7-41.5 kg ha-1）。2012年和2013年，在相同灌溉水平下，低施肥量下N、P、K的利用效率高于高施肥量。灌溉不足和施肥水平导致棉花产量严重下降。N、P 和 K 的使用效率在 F4 下较低。综合考虑棉花产量、氮磷钾吸收利用效率，